Pathophysiology chapter 7 Expert Approved Answers

Pathophysiology chapter 7 An isotonic IV solution ______________________. Select all that apply. a. causes no fluid gain or loss by cells. b. is used to counteract cellular swelling. c. has a higher tonicity than the blood. d. causes cell swelling. e. has the same tonicity as the blood. - ANS a, e Which of the following responses would you expect to see when fluid volume is too low? Select all that apply. a. Increased renin release b. Increased aldosterone c. Osmoreceptor swelling d. Increased BNP e. Decreased antidiuretic hormone levels - ANS a, b Which of the following increase the likelihood for edema? Select all that apply. Increased capillary permeability Decreased plasma volume Decreased oncotic pressure Hypoalbuminemia Decreased hydrostatic pressure - ANS c, e Which hormone is released when a fluid volume excess is present? Aldosterone Renin Antidiuretic hormone Natriuretic peptide - ANS d Which of the following statements about sodium imbalances are true? Select all that apply. Hypernatremia causes muscle inflexibility. Hypernatremia may result in increased thirst. Hyponatremia accompanied by fluid excess may result in cell swelling. Hypernatremia may occur with fluid excess or fluid deficit. Hyponatremia only occurs with fluid excess. - ANS b, c, d A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse how to analyze the electrocardiogram of a hyperkalemic client. Assess the statements made by the student nurse and choose the clinical manifestation that can be observed on the electrocardiogram of a hyperkalemic client. "It will show wide QRS complexes." "It will show a prominent U wave." "It will show a flattened T wave." "It will show a prolonged PR interval." - ANS a Your client's lab results show that the client's serum calcium level is very low . What signs and symptoms would the client exhibit? Select all that apply. Chvostek's sign Muscle flaccidity Trousseau's sign Paresthesias around mouth and hands Constipation - ANS a, c, d A nurse is providing nutritional advice to a client with hypomagnesemia. Which of the following are risk factors for hypomagnesemia? Select all that apply. Kidney failure Alcoholism Athletic endurance events Obesity Antacid abuse - ANS b Which of the following are incorrectly matched? Select all that apply. Hypovolemic hypernatremia - edema Hypervolemic hyponatremia - diluted sodium concentration Acidosis - false hyperkalemia Hypokalemia - prolonged PR intervals Hypocalcemia - hypophosphatemia - ANS a, d, e