AP Computer Science Principles EXAM Quizlet

odometer "rolling over" Round-off error that results when the number of bits is not enough to represent the actual number, like 3 digits to represent π as 3.14 Lossy Compressing data in a way that throws some data away and makes it almost impossible to recover the original, great compression, like JPEG images Lossless Compressing data in a way that preserves all data away and allows full recovery of the original, good compression -- usually not as good as lossy, like PNG images Metadata data about data, like a camera storing the location, aperture, shutter speed, etc. for a digital photo Sequencing code flows line by line, one after another, like a recipe Selection a boolean condition to determine which of two algorithmic paths are taken, aka if-then Iteration using a looping control structure, like while, for, foreach, repeat, repeat-until, etc. Reasonable Time polynomial in the number of steps an algorithm takes in the worst case based on the input size Not reasonable time Usually exponential in the number of steps, like doubling every time your input grows by one Heuristic using a "rule" to guide an algorithm, like always walking toward the north star if you were stuck in a forest Undecidable A problem that is so difficult, we can't ever create an algorithm that would be able to answer yes or no for all inputs, like determining if a user's program run on some input would always stop and not run forever Linear Search Going one by one vs starting in the middle and going left/right like looking for a word in the dictionary Binary Search requires the list to be sorted in order and then cutting the list in half APIs Application Programming Interface Citizen Science Lots of people to help with a scientific project, like asking everyone around the world to count the butterflies they see one day Cloud Computing Using distributed calculations and/or storage for big data or a web application Crowdsourcing Asking lots of users online to help with something, lik