NUTRITIONA 1172 Nutrition Study guide Fall 2023 with complete solution

NUTRITIONA 1172 Nutrition Study guide Fall 2023 with complete solution How does weight statistically correlate to health? - Healthy weight is statistically correlated with good health. Three criteria to assess for ideal healthy weight are -Ideal Body Weight -Body Mass Index, aka BMI (most popular way to assess healthy weight) -Body Distribution (waist circumference) Be able to define and calculate BMI and know the categories of BMI. - BMI= weight(kg)/[Height(m)]^2 categories of BMI underweight= <18.5 normal weight= 18.5-24.9 overweight= 25-29.9 obesity= >=30 -class 1= 30-34.9 -class 2= 35-39.9 -class 3= >=40 What are the pitfalls of the BMI? - It does not take into account gender, LBM muscle, bone and water, and fat composition. -Body builder will have a high BMI since muscle weighs more than fat -Does not take in account of lean body mass vs fat body mass -Not appropriate for individual with disability What does the research recommend with respect to BMI categories for the Asian population? - -Ethnicity of the Asian population (should have lower number) -23 should have been considered overweight instead of 25 Be able to detail body distribution in terms of male and female numerical references. - Female: greater than 35 inches in female = increase risks for comorbidity Male: greater than 40 inches What is the difference between visceral and subcutaneous fat? - Harmful, detrimental fat = visceral fat Fat in the organs in the abdominal area Subcutaneous fat -Right below the skin -Less detrimental -Prominent around buttocks and hip area in female population (less detrimental to health) What is the difference between pear and apple shaped in terms of health risks? - Apple risk = increased risk for comorbidity and mortality Male is more apple shaped Female is more peared shape After menopause women become more apple because estrogen prevent female from gaining weight in waist Middle age male has higher risk in CVD, type 2 diabetes than middle age women (due to waist circumference) Visceral fat percent is higher when weight is carried in waist Subcutaneous fat is harmless in comorbidity (around buttock and hip area) With resect to prevalence of obesity, be able to decipher among the disparities of ethnicities. - Greatest in non-Hispanic black female 54.8% Even though non-Hispanic Asian has lowest rate of obesity, they have an increased risk for diabetes and CVD at a lower BMI than overall population -Lower bone density -Smaller frame size -Higher fat percentage WHO suggest to lower the healthy BMI for the Asian population from upper extremity of 25 to 23 Obesity does discriminate -Genetic predisposition -Environmental issue -Combination of both (Obesity slide 15) Know and understand the 6 potential causes of obesity. - *Calories* -fat cell development -Positive energy balance -At a cellular level (look at next slide) *Set Point Theory* -Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) when we lose weight we become hungrier •When a person loses weight, body increase the production of LPL (increase fat storage ability), increasing the will to gain back that weight -When t