Psychology from inquiry to understanding 4th Edition - Test Bank

    Name _____________________________________________ Chapter 3 Quick Quiz 1 1. Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer? A) dendrites, axon, soma, synaptic knob B) terminal buttons, axon, soma dendrite C) axon, soma, dendrites, synaptic knob D) dendrites, soma, axon, axon terminal 2. During an action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. A) positive compared to B) larger than C) negative compared to D) smaller than 3. __________ play(s) a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle contraction as well as cortical arousal. A) acetylcholine B) GABA C) dopamine D) endorphins 4. Within neurons, the term potentiation refers to __________. A) synapses that show stronger and prolonged excitatory responses B) structural changes in the neuron C) neural plasticity D) maturational development 5. Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain, resulting in paralysis of her left arm. What part of Marta’s brain was injured? A) auditory association area B) motor cortex C) somatosensory cortex D) Broca’s area 6. The flight-or-fight response is mobilized by the __________ nervous system. A) central B) somatic C) sympathetic D) parasympathetic 7. Ali is in the hospital about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves taking many X-rays from different angles. What type of imaging technique is being used? A) electroencephalography (EEG) B) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) C) positron-emission tomography (PET) D) computed tomography (CT) 8. Which of the following statements is true? A) Many parts of the brain appear to have no useful function in today’s world. B) Losses of small areas of certain parts of the brain rarely cause devastating, often permanent, losses of function. C) All the brain areas become active on brain scans at one time or another as we think, feel, and perceive. D) Every part of the brain has a redundant backup, which is why brain injuries are so rarely serious. 9. __________ are slender threads inside of a cell’s nucleus that carry genes. A) chromosomes B) ribosomes C) golgisomes D) DNA strands   10. If the heritability of a particular trait is found to be 60 percent, then by definition the other 40 percent is due to __________. A) random chance that impacts every organism B) prenatal environmental influences, such as toxins or viruses C) the effects of gene mutation D) differences in the individual’s environment   Chapter 3 Quick Quiz 1 Answer Key 1. D Explanation: This answer describes the correct sequence. (Nerve Cells: Communication Portals, Applied, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.1a) 2. A Explanation: During the action potential, there are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. (Nerve Cells: Communication Portals, Conceptual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.1b) 3. A Explanation: Acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract. (Nerve Cells: Communication Portals, Factual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.1c) 4. A Explanation: As we develop the synaptic activity between neurons, the response becomes greater and more complex. (Nerve Cells: Communication Portals, Factual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.1d) 5. B Explanation: Each part of the motor cortex controls a specific part of the body. (The Brain–Behavior Network, Applied, APA LO 1.3, TEXT LO 3.2a) 6. C Explanation: While the sympathetic nervous system is called “fight or flight,” the parasympathetic nervous system is sometimes called “rest and digest.” (The Brain–Behavior Network, Factual, APA LO 1.3, TEXT LO 3.2b) 7. D Explanation: CT scanners can take multiple X-rays of the brain. (Mapping the Mind: The Brain in Action, Applied, APA LO 1.3, TEXT LO 3.4a) 8. C Explanation: The myth that we only use 10 percent of our brains has not been substantiated by neuroimaging research. (Mapping the Mind: The Brain in Action, Factual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.4b) 9. A Explanation: A normal developing human being has 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. (Nature and Nurture: Did Your Genes—or Parents—Make You Do It?, Factual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.5a) 10. D Explanation: Heritability and environmental differences together make up all of a given trait’s origin. (Nature and Nurture: Did Your Genes—or Parents—Make You Do It?, Conceptual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.5b)   Name _____________________________________________ Chapter 3 Quick Quiz 2 1. A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to help form myelin and the blood-brain barrier, respond to injury, remove debris, and enhance learning and memory is called a(n) __________ cell. A) epidermal B) adipose C) glial D) polypeptide-Y 2. When a neuron fires, it fires in a(n) __________ fashion, as there is no such thing as “partial” firing. A) all-or-none B) rapid fire C) accidental patterned D) quick succession 3. Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and sleep problems. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing? A) GABA B) dopamine C) serotonin D) acetylcholine 4. Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing. One of the problems that developed was that Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy and can now speak as he did before his accident. This is an example of the brain’s __________, which allowed the structure and function of his brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma. A) adaptology B) stagnation C) plasticity D) reflex arc 5. According to __________ theory, memories are initially stored at multiple sites. Over time, storage strengthens at some sites, but weakens at others. A) memory transfer B) multiple trace C) memory consolidation D) neural realignment 6. The __________ gland is sometimes called the emergency center of the body. A) pineal B) pituitary C) thyroid D) adrenal 7. Hideki has had difficulty sleeping. His doctor wishes to examine his sleep patterns to determine the cause of his sleep problems. The doctor will most likely perform a(n) __________. A) EEG B) CT scan C) PET scan D) MRI. 8. If Darren’s brain is like that of most people, then fine-tuned language skills will be handled by his __________. A) corpus callosum B) occipital lobe C) right cerebral hemisphere D) left cerebral hemisphere 9. People’s genetic makeup is their __________. A) genotype. B) phenotype C) mRNA D) genome 10. Kayla and Layla are twins who were separated at birth. A researcher interested in studying heredity tracks them down and speaks to their different families about the benefits that can be achieved by studying the two young girls. The girls and their different sets of parents agree to participate, and studies begin assessing various areas of the girls’ lives. In order for this type of twin study to be most effective, what kind of twins should Kayla and Layla be? A) conjoined B) monozygotic C) amorphous D) dizygotic   Chapter 3 Quick Quiz 2 Answer Key 1. C Explanation: These are the functions of glial cells. (Nerve Cells: Communication Portals, Factual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.1a) 2. A Explanation: This is the term used to describe how neurons fire according to the textbook. (Nerve Cells: Communication Portals, Conceptual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.1b) 3. C Explanation: Serotonin is associated with mood and appetite. (Nerve Cells: Communication Portals, Applied, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.1c) 4. C Explanation: This allowed Jack’s brain to adapt after the trauma. (Nerve Cells: Communication Portals, Applied, APA LO 1.d, TEXT LO 3.1d) 5. B Explanation: The memory trace theory is also the basis for the decay theory of forgetting. (The Brain–Behavior Network, Conceptual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.2a) 6. D Explanation: This gland produces adrenaline and cortisol, which are essential in helping us respond to emergency or crisis situations. (The Endocrine System, Conceptual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.3a) 7. A Explanation: EEGs allow a doctor to examine the pattern of sleep stages by giving a graphical representation of the patient’s brain activity during sleep. (Mapping the Mind: The Brain in Action, Applied, APA LO 1.3, TEXT LO 3.4a) 8. D Explanation: For most people, the left hemisphere controls language (Mapping the Mind: The Brain in Action, Applied, APA LO 1.3, TEXT LO 3.4b) 9. A Explanation: Your genetic blueprint is your genotype. The physical expression of that blueprint is your phenotype. (Nature and Nurture: Did Your Genes—or Parents—Make You Do It?, Factual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 3.5a) 10. B Explanation: Monozygotic, or identical, twins are of the best value to a twin study in the area of heritability. (Nature and Nurture: Did Your Genes—or Parents—Make You Do It?, Applied, APA LO 1.3, TEXT LO 3.5b)   Chapter 3: Biological Psychology Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. When people experience intense emotions like fear, anger, or excitement, their hearts tend to speed up and pound. It would be easy to conclude that the heart is what is causing these emotions, but this would be incorrect. This lack of consistency between an apparent relationship between two events and the true course of events demonstrates which of the six principles of scientific thinking? A) falsifiability Incorrect. It is true that we’re interested in knowing what are false and what are accurate conclusions, but this is not the best answer to this question. B) Occam’s Razor C) correlation vs. causation Correct. This is a classic example of making the mistake of believing that just because two events occur together that one is causing the other. In this case, both events are caused by activities in the brain. D) replicability Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 2.1 TEXT LO: Introduction Topic: Introduction 2. The functioning of the human brain depends upon cross-talk among __________. A) glial cells B) neurons C) nodes of Ranvier D) reuptake vesicles Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 3. There are approximately __________ neurons in your brain alone. A) 85 million B) 850 million C) 85 billion D) 85 trillion Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals   4. The __________ is the central region of the neuron that manufactures new cell components, which consist of both small and large molecules. A) neuronal membrane B) dendrite C) axon D) cell body Answer: D Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 5. In a neuron, proteins are manufactured in the nucleus of the __________. A) axon B) cell body C) dendrite D) membrane Answer: B Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 6. The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called __________. A) axons B) nerve bundles C) dendrites D) synapses Answer: C Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals % correct 58 a = 21 b = 5 c = 58 d = 16 r = .60 7. Which part of a neuron is a long, very thin, tail-like extension that carries messages out to other cells? A) soma B) axon C) dendrite D) cell membrane Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals   8. Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer? A) dendrites, axon, soma, synaptic knob B) terminal buttons, axon, soma dendrite C) axon, soma, dendrites, synaptic knob Incorrect. The neural impulse begins with the receipt of messages from the dendrites. D) dendrites, soma, axon, axon terminal Correct. This answer describes the correct sequence. Answer: D Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals % correct 44 a = 22 b = 25 c = 9 d = 44 r = .22 % correct 75 a = 19 b = 6 c = 0 d = 75 r = .59 9. The spherical sacs inside the axon terminals containing neurotransmitters are called __________. A) axon terminals B) synapses C) synaptic vesicles D) receptor sites Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 10. Neurotransmitters are found in the __________. A) mitochondria B) cell body C) synaptic vesicles D) dendritic spines Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals % correct 32 a = 8 b = 41 c = 32 d = 19 r = .66   11. The knoblike structures at the far end of the axon are called __________. A) axon terminals B) synaptic vesicles C) synapses D) receptor sites Answer: A Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals % correct 47 a = 47 b = 21 c = 16 d = 16 r = .19 12. A __________ is a fluid-filled space between two neurons through which neurotransmitters travel. It is in this area where messages are transmitted chemically. A) terminal button B) synapse C) neuronal membrane D) synaptic vesicle Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 13. The gap into which neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles is called a(n) ________. A) terminal button B) synaptic cleft Correct. The synaptic cleft is a smaller part of the larger synapse. C) presynaptic receptor D) axon terminal Incorrect. This is the knoblike end of the tail-like axon. Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 14. The fluid-filled space between the axon terminal of one cell and the dendrites of the next cell is called the __________. A) receptor site B) synapse C) dendrite knob D) axon terminal Answer: B Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals  15. The two types of glial cells are called __________ and __________. A) occipital cells; lobitical cells B) astrocytes; oligodendrocytes C) occipitals; Schwann cells D) oligodendrocytes; lobitical cells Answer: B Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 16. A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to help form myelin and the blood-brain barrier, respond to injury, remove debris, and enhance learning and memory is called a(n) __________ cell. A) epidermal B) adipose C) glial D) polypeptide-Y Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 17. What are two primary roles of glial cells? A) forming myelin and forming the blood-brain barrier B) shaping cells and moving new neurons into place C) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors D) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain Answer: A Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 18. What is the function of the myelin sheath? A) to serve as a structure for neurons B) to monitor neural activity C) to speed up the neural transmission D) to produce neurotransmitters Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals % correct 74 a = 5 b = 5 c = 74 d = 16 r = .76   19. The _________ speeds up the passage of electrical messages by acting as an insulator of the neuronal signal. A) blood-brain barrier Incorrect. The blood-brain barrier is similar to the myelin sheath in that they are both contributed to by glial cells, but this barrier does not insulate neuronal signals. B) terminal button C) myelin sheath Correct. The myelin sheath helps electrical signals travel more efficiently. D) synaptic vesicles Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1a Distinguish the parts of neurons and what they do. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals % correct 73 a = 11 b = 3 c = 73 d = 13 r = .49 20. What do we call the state of a neuron when there are no neurotransmitters acting on it? A) action potential B) resting potential C) myelination countersignal D) transmission dormancy Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1b Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 21. The state during which a neuron contains more negatively charged ions inside the cell than outside the cell and is not firing is referred to as the __________ potential. A) action B) quiet C) synaptic D) resting Answer: D Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1b Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals % correct 78 a = 10 b = 6 c = 6 d = 78 r = .54   22. The voltage of –60 millivolts is known as the neuron’s __________ potential. A) postsynaptic B) resting C) action D) graded Answer: B Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1b Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 23. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Action potentials can occur in a rapid-fire sort of process, with no break between them. B) Action potentials either fire completely or they do not fire at all. C) Action potentials travel from the axon terminal to the dendrite. D) Action potentials will jump from node to node only on demyelinated axons. Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1b Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 24. When a neuron fires, it fires in a(n) __________ fashion, as there is no such thing as “partial” firing. A) all-or-none Correct. This is the term used to describe how neurons fire, according to the book. B) rapid fire C) accidental patterned D) quick succession Incorrect. This is not the term referred to by the book. Answer: A Diff: 2 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1b Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals % correct 66 a = 66 b = 34 c = 0 d = 0 r = .23 25. “All or none” is the principle stating that __________. A) a neuron either fires or does not fire B) a neuron either releases all of its neurotransmitters or it releases none at all C) all the dendrites must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire at all D) all somas must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire at all Answer: A Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1b Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals   26. During an action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. A) positive compared to Correct. During the action potential, there are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. B) larger than C) negative compared to Incorrect. During the resting potential, the inside is more negatively charged than the outside of the cell. D) smaller than Answer: A Diff: 2 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1b Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 27. Owantu let out an ear-piercing scream when he became frightened. He was unable to stimulate those neurons for a brief time after their firing because of the __________. A) regenerative timeout Incorrect. There is no such term as a “regenerative timeout” in the process of neural communication. B) potential gradation C) absolute refractory period Correct. During the absolute refractory period, a neuron is incapable of generating another action potential. D) relative refractory period Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1b Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 28. Gunther is becoming frustrated with the television in his hotel room. He wants to scan through the channels very rapidly, but each time he switches the channel he has to wait a full two seconds before he can change it again. During that brief delay, it is impossible to change the channel. This is similar to how the __________ works in neural communication. A) regenerative timeout Incorrect. There is no such term as “regenerative timeout” in the process of neural communication. B) potential gradation C) absolute refractory period Correct. During the absolute refractory period, a neuron is incapable of generating another action potential. D) relative refractory period Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1b Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals   29. Which structure is like a locked door that only certain neurotransmitter keys can unlock? A) synapses Incorrect. Synapses are microscopic fluid-filled spaces between neurons. B) receptor sites Correct. Only certain neurotransmitters can fit into each receptor site, so the analogy of a lock and key is appropriate. C) neural chiasms D) response terminals Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 30. Which of the following is TRUE about neurotransmitters? A) Neurotransmitters can bind to any receptor site. B) Neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites that are specific to that type of neurotransmitter. Correct. As your textbook chapter notes, the relationship between a neurotransmitter and its associated receptor site is much like a lock-and-key mechanism. C) Neurotransmitters are responsible for communication within one neuron. Incorrect. Neurotransmitters are responsible for communication between two neurons. D) Neurotransmission may be enhanced by reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal. Answer: B Diff: 3 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals % correct 56 a = 12 b = 56 c = 16 d = 16 r = .40 31. Isabella is putting mustard on her hot dog. She realizes she has put too much and sucks up some of it back into the squeeze bottle. This process is similar to __________. A) the action potential Incorrect. The action potential refers to the neural impulse that travels from the cell body of one neuron to its axon terminals. B) receptor site bindings C) binding specificity D) reuptake Correct. Reuptake is the process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the synaptic vesicles from which they were just released. Answer: D Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals   32. Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep cycles, mood and temperature regulation, and aggression? A) GABA B) Serotonin C) Dopamine D) Acetylcholine Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 33. Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and sleep problems. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing? A) GABA Incorrect. GABA is involved in sleep and inhibits movement, but is not associated with mood or appetite. B) Dopamine C) Serotonin Correct. Serotonin is associated with mood and appetite. D) Acetylcholine Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 34. The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, which plays a role in the relay of sensory information and learning, is A) glutamate. B) gamma-aminobutyric acid. C) acetylcholine. D) serotonin. Answer: A Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 35. The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system is __________. A) glutamate. B) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). C) acetylcholine. D) serotonin. Answer: B Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals   36. Both the consumption of alcohol and the ingestion of antianxiety drugs work to increase the activity of __________, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. A) GABA B) serotonin C) acetylcholine D) dopamine Answer: A Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 37. __________ play(s) a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle contraction as well as cortical arousal. A) Acetylcholine B) GABA C) Dopamine D) Endorphins Answer: A Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 38. Endorphins are __________. A) found where neurons meet skeletal muscles B) less powerful than enkaphalins C) pain-reducing neurotransmitters D) radically different in function from neurotransmitters Answer: C Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 39. Because they have similar chemical structures, morphine and other opiates are able to lock into receptor sites for __________. A) GABA B) serotonin C) dopamine D) endorphins Answer: D Diff: 2 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals   40. Mobombi had completed about a quarter of the distance in the marathon in which he was a participant. Suddenly, he stumbled and fell. Despite feeling a sharp pain initially, he got up and continued to run until he completed the race. Upon crossing the finish line, he fell down writhing in pain. When checked out, it was discovered that Mobombi had broken his leg. He was able to run the remainder of the marathon relatively pain free due to the release of __________. A) neuropeptides B) amino acids C) monoamines Incorrect. The monoamine neurotransmitters are identified in your textbook chapter as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Endorphins, the correct answer to this question, is not a monoamine. D) endorphins Correct. Endorphins are neurotransmitters that reduce pain and produce euphoria experiences. Answer: D Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 41. Tranquilizers like Xanax work to diminish anxiety symptoms by stimulating the receptor sites for __________, thereby driving down neuronal activity at those sites. A) glutamate B) serotonin C) acetylcholine D) GABA Answer: D Diff: 3 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 42. Drugs that decrease a neuron’s receptor site activity are called __________. A) agonists B) antagonists C) excitatory D) reuptake blockers Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1c Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals   43. Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing. Afterward, Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy. Now Jack can speak as he did before his accident. This is an example of the brain’s __________, which allowed the structure and function of Jack’s brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma. A) adaptology B) stagnation C) plasticity Correct. This allowed Jack’s brain to adapt after the trauma. D) reflex arc Incorrect. Plasticity accounts for Jack’s brain to allow him to speak correctly despite damage. Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.1d Describe how the brain changes as a result of development, learning, and injury. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 44. One theory of autism spectrum disorder suggests that inadequate __________ may be the cause of the disorder. A) synaptogenesis B) dendrite and axon growth C) pruning Correct. The fact that those with this disorder have unusually large brains suggests that unneeded, excess neurons may not be appropriately removed (pruned) in these individuals. D) myelination Incorrect. There is nothing in the textbook chapter that speculates about the existence of a relationship between myelination rates and infantile autism. Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.1d Describe how the brain changes as a result of development, learning, and injury. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 45. Within neurons, the term potentiation refers to __________. A) synapses that show stronger and prolonged excitatory responses B) structural changes in the neuron C) neural plasticity D) maturational development Answer: A Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1d Describe how the brain changes as a result of development, learning, and injury. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals   46. __________ is the creation of new neurons in the adult brain. A) Neurogenesis B) Neural plasticity C) Long-term potentiation D) Synaptogenesis Answer: A Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1d Describe how the brain changes as a result of development, learning, and injury. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 47. A cell, often originating in an embryo, that has the capacity to differentiate into a more specialized cell is called a(n) __________ cell. A) adipose Incorrect. An adipose cell is a type of fat cell in the body. B) stem Correct. Stem cells can, in some cases, transform into any other kind of human cell. C) functional D) transmorphic Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.1d Describe how the brain changes as a result of development, learning, and injury. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals 48. Which of the following is the primary ethical conundrum that surrounds the use of embryonic stem cells as a therapeutic tool for various medical conditions? A) whether or not insurance companies will pay for this sort of treatment B) the extent to which people would be willing to accept stem cells for their own illnesses C) whether or not stem cells come from an early form of human life Correct. Although stem cells can form in as little as five days, some argue that even that early they represent life and should not simply be used as a tool to fix another human being’s condition. D) the issue of whether the use of stem cells will fundamentally alter the recipient's genetic code Incorrect. This is not an issue that has been raised with regard to the use of embryonic stem cells. Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 3.1 TEXT LO: 3.1d Describe how the brain changes as a result of development, learning, and injury. Topic: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals   49. The two main divisions of the nervous system are the __________ and __________. A) brain; spinal cord B) autonomic; somatic nervous systems C) peripheral nervous system; central nervous system D) glands; muscles Answer: C Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 88 a = 9 b = 3 c = 88 d = 0 r = .27 50. The __________ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. A) central B) autonomic C) peripheral D) somatic Answer: A Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 51. The corpus callosum __________. A) facilitates communication between the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex B) is made of fibrous muscle that holds the hemispheres together C) causes a vegetative state when severed accidentally D) is the boundary between the brainstem and the reticular activating system Answer: A Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 52. Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain resulting in paralysis of her left arm. What part of Marta’s brain was injured? A) auditory association area B) motor cortex Correct. Each part of the motor cortex controls a specific part of the body. C) somatosensory cortex D) Broca’s area Incorrect. This area plays a key role in language production. It is not involved in movement control. Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   53. Bill was admitted to the hospital last week after he fell. When Bill’s son visited, he found his father was unable to get words out in a smooth, connected fashion. If Bill’s difficulty speaking is due to brain damage, what is the likely location of the damage? A) Broca’s area Correct. Broca’s area is devoted to the production of fluent speech. B) Gall’s area C) Wernicke’s area Incorrect. Wernicke’s area is devoted to the comprehension of meaningful language. D) Korsakoff’s area Answer: A Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 84 a = 84 b = 0 c = 16 d = 0 r = .38 54. After suffering a brain injury by falling from a ladder, Zack’s wife continues to tell the doctor that his personality has changed. He used to be fun loving and carefree, but he is now more critical and yells at his children for seemingly little reason. Zack is likely to have suffered damage to the __________ lobe of his cortex. A) occipital Incorrect. If his vision were affected, this would be accurate. B) parietal C) temporal D) frontal Correct. The frontal lobes contain the prefrontal cortices, which are connected to personality, mood, and self-awareness, among other functions. Answer: D Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 68 a = 0 b = 6 c = 26 d = 68 r = .30 55. Phineas Gage had a tamping iron propelled through his head. Both left and right sides of the prefrontal cortex were severely damaged. As a result of the accident, Phineas Gage __________. A) died from his injuries B) suffered loss of his arms and legs C) lost his sense of hearing Incorrect. The use of his auditory system was not affected. D) suffered a change in personality Correct. The case of Gage gave great insights into the way in which the frontal lobes are in control of many aspects of our personalities. Answer: D Diff: 1 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 87 a = 0 b = 8 c = 5 d = 87 r = .37   56. Ito was driving through a rough part of town late at night when a stray bullet hit the front side of his head. Both the left and right sides of his prefrontal cortex were severely damaged. As a result of the accident, Ito most likely __________. A) died from his injuries B) suffered loss of his arms and legs C) lost his sense of hearing Incorrect. The use of his auditory system would not have been affected by these particular brain injuries. D) suffered a change in personality Correct. These parts of the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex are in control of many aspects of our personalities. Answer: D Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 57. Which of the following lobes of the cerebral cortex contains the primary sensory cortex? A) occipital B) frontal C) temporal D) parietal Answer: D Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 58. Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which part of the brain is the most likely site of the damage? A) frontal lobe B) temporal lobe Incorrect. The temporal lobes are responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech, not touch. C) occipital lobe D) parietal lobes Correct. The parietal lobes contain the centers for touch, including pressure and pain, and temperature. Answer: D Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   59. Of the following functions, which is NOT controlled by the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex? A) storing memories of our past B) hearing C) processing visual images D) understanding language Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 60. Mary suffered a head injury in a car accident last week. Since that time she is able to speak fluently but has difficulty understanding what is being said to her. Mary may be exhibiting problems associated with __________ area. A) Broca’s Incorrect. Someone with problems in Broca’s area has difficulty in generating speech. B) Gall’s C) Wernicke’s Correct. Someone with damage to Wernicke’s area has difficulty with comprehension of meaningful speech. D) Korsakoff’s Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 61. Some research has shown that stimulating parts of the temporal lobe can produce vivid autobiographical memories. Others have suggested that these are not true memories, but rather are more like altered perceptions that do not reflect real past experiences. To date, the true answer has not yet been solidified. This uncertainty in research findings demonstrates which of the six principles of scientific thinking? A) ruling out rival hypotheses Correct. In this case, the true answer may come from disproving alternate answers. To date, however, this has not been accomplished. B) correlation vs. causation C) extraordinary claims D) falsifiability Incorrect. The true answer has not yet been concluded because none of the research findings have been truly found to be incorrect, or false. Answer: A Diff: 3 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 2.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   62. While it is well understood in neuroscience research that a deficit of dopamine activity contributes to the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, other research has found that damage to the basal ganglia is also a contributor to this very serious illness. The fact that there is more than one explanation for the condition demonstrates the critical thinking concept of ___________. A) correlation versus causation B) Occam’s Razor Incorrect. While a very simple (parsimonious) explanation for Parkinson’s disease would find only one cause, it turns out that it is a multifaceted illness. C) falsifiability D) ruling out rival hypotheses Correct. Sometimes hypotheses are completely discredited by research, and in other cases they are found to be only one of many possible explanations for a phenomenon. Answer: D Diff: 2 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 2.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 63. After a head injury, a person reports that she is unable to see, although her eyes are uninjured. A doctor would suspect an injury in the __________ lobe. A) occipital Correct. The occipital lobe contains the brain’s visual cortex. B) parietal Incorrect. The parietal lobes contain the primary sensory cortex, not the visual centers. C) temporal D) frontal Answer: A Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 89 a = 89 b = 0 c = 6 d = 6 r = .64 64. Which of the following is the section of the brain located at the rear of each cerebral hemisphere and contains the visual centers of the brain? A) occipital lobe B) frontal lobe C) temporal lobe D) parietal lobe Answer: A Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   65. John has decided to start to learn how to wrestle. On his first day at practice, a seasoned wrestler slams the back of his head to the mat. John was shaken and reported to the trainer that he “saw stars” after he hit his head. As a result of “seeing stars,” John’s __________ was temporarily affected as a result of the slam. A) corpus callosum B) occipital lobe Correct. This part of the brain is in the back of the head and controls vision. C) parietal lobe Incorrect. This is not correct, as the visual cortices are located in the occipital lobes. D) somatosensory cortex Answer: B Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 66. Structures buried deep inside the cortex that help to control movement are called the __________. A) basal ganglia B) putamen C) meninges D) cerebral ventricles Answer: A Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 67. The part of the brain dedicated to emotion is the __________. A) endocrine system B) limbic system C) reticular activating system D) lymphatic system Answer: B Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 73 a = 14 b = 73 c = 5 d = 8 r = .59   68. Which of the following is a group of several interconnected brain structures involved in emotion, memory, smell, and motivation? A) the limbic system B) the cerebellum C) the cerebral cortex D) the neocortex Answer: A Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 69. What part of the brain acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information? A) hypothalamus B) thalamus C) pituitary gland D) endocrine system Answer: B Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 79 a = 10 b = 79 c = 11 d = 0 r = .71 70. Eating, drinking, sexual motivation, and body temperature control are most strongly influenced by the __________. A) hippocampus B) thalamus C) hypothalamus D) amygdala Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 47 a = 5 b = 11 c = 47 d = 37 r = .26 71. The __________ regulates and maintains constant internal bodily states. A) thalamus B) hypothalamus C) amygdala D) hippocampus Answer: B Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   72. Stan has been extremely afraid of cats since he was scratched as a 5-year-old. Whenever he sees a cat, he remembers the time he was scratched across his face and starts to feel afraid. If a cat comes towards him, he often runs away immediately, as he is afraid of being scratched again. Stan’s behaviors and recollection of this trauma are a result of the __________ in the limbic system. A) hippocampus B) thalamus C) amygdala Correct. This is the part of the brain responsible for excitement, arousal, and fear. D) medulla Incorrect. The medulla is responsible for critical life functions, such as breathing and heartbeat. Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 73. As Joe walks to his car late at night, he hears footsteps behind him. Feeling afraid, Joe grips his keys and quickens his pace. It is likely that Joe’s __________ has been activated. A) central sulcus B) hippocampus C) amygdala D) cerebellum Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 74. Lucia has suffered an injury to one of the major structures of her limbic system. One of her symptoms is that she cannot seem to remember the layout of her own house. It is as if her mental map of the rooms, furniture, and other parts of her home have been scrambled up. It is most likely that the structure impacted by Lucia’s injury is the __________. A) hypothalamus B) hippocampus Correct. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in memory, particularly spatial memory. C) amygdala D) reticular activating system Incorrect. The reticular activating system, which is not part of the limbic system, plays a key role in arousal, and damage to it can lead to a coma. Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   75. According to __________ theory, memories are initially stored at multiple sites. Over time, storage strengthens at some sites, but weakens at others. A) memory transfer B) multiple trace C) memory consolidation D) neural realignment Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 76. The pathways emanating from the RAS activate the cortex by increasing the __________ among neurons in the brain. A) cerebral ventricles B) cortical membrane C) signal-to-noise ratio D) long-term potentiation Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 77. The area housed inside of the cortex and located at the very back of the brain is called the __________. It contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla. A) corpus callosum B) diencephalon C) brainstem D) arachnoid meninx Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 78. Which of the following structures is NOT considered a part of the brain stem? A) cerebrum Correct. The cerebrum is not a part of the brain stem. B) pons Incorrect. The pons is a part of the brain stem. C) midbrain D) medulla Answer: A Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   79. What is the main function of the reticular activating system? A) to control thinking B) to regulate emotions C) to control levels of arousal D) to coordinate involuntary rapid fine-motor movements Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 26 a = 11 b = 16 c = 26 d = 47 r = .24 80. If research finds that those who drive taxicabs have enlarged areas of their hippocampi, one may be tempted to infer that driving a cab and engaging in such visuospatial activities each day causes the hippocampus areas to grow. This may or may not be the case, and this riddle demonstrates the principle of __________. A) extraordinary claims B) Occam’s Razor Incorrect. There is nothing in this question that is related to the precepts of Occam’s Razor. C) correlation vs. causation Correct. Another explanation for this relationship is that people with enlarged areas of the hippocampus naturally seek out jobs with higher visuospatial demands, such as being a taxicab driver. D) ruling out rival hypotheses Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 2.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 81. An auto accident rendered Chris’s nervous system unable to send messages for him to breathe, so he is on a respirator. Which brain structure was damaged in the accident? A) pons Incorrect. The pons plays a role in sleep, dreaming, left–right body coordination, and arousal. B) medulla Correct. The medulla is responsible for breathing. C) cerebellum D) reticular activating system Answer: B Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 53 a = 21 b = 53 c = 16 d = 10 r = .42   82. Damage to the cerebellum is likely to disrupt which of the following? A) playing basketball Correct. The cerebellum coordinates movements that have to happen in rapid succession. B) sleeping Incorrect. The pons plays a role in sleep and dreaming, not in movement. C) homeostasis D) thinking Answer: A Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 83. Since Jamilla suffered a head injury in a car accident 3 months ago, she has not experienced dreams as she had in the past. She used to dream vivid, active dreams. Which part of her brain was most likely affected during the car accident, which is related to her problem dreaming? A) pons Correct. The pons has been shown to influence sleep and dreaming as well as arousal. B) cerebellum C) cerebral cortex D) pituitary gland Incorrect. The pituitary gland is part of the endocrine system. The best answer is the pons. Answer: A Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 58 a = 58 b = 11 c = 21 d = 10 r = .33 84. The brain is divided into several different structures on the bottom part of the brain referred to as the “hindbrain.” Which of the parts of the brain listed below is located in the hindbrain? A) amygdala B) reticular activating system C) medulla D) thalamus Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   85. Which of the following extends from the brain stem down to the middle of the back, and is responsible for communicating information between the brain and the rest of the body? A) spinal cord B) cerebellum C) sympathetic nervous system D) amygdala Answer: A Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 86. The __________ is a structure in the brain stem responsible for life-sustaining functions, such as breathing and heart rate. A) reticular activating system B) pons C) medulla D) cingulated gyrus Answer: C Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 87. Jennifer has been diagnosed with spinocerebellar degeneration. The first stage of the disease involves tremors and unsteady gate. In the later stages, she will be unable to stand, walk, and will be uncoordinated in her movements. This disease probably affects the __________. A) hippocampus B) amygdala C) cerebellum Correct. Based on these symptoms, this is the part of the brain affected by this disease. D) hypothalamus Incorrect. These symptoms do not indicate a hypothalamic compromise. Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   88. Tracey has been unable to participate in her gymnastics class and is very uncoordinated since she was involved in an accident where she suffered a head injury. As a result of the accident, she was likely to have suffered damage to her __________. A) cerebellum Correct. Among other things, the cerebellum affects one’s sense of balance and coordination of motor skills. B) medulla C) cerebral cortex Incorrect. This is not the part of the brain that is affected. D) hypothalamus Answer: A Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 89. Which of the following are the three basic types of neurons? A) reflexes, sensory nerves, motor nerves B) sensory nerves, motor nerves, stem cells C) motor nerves, stem cells, reflexes D) interneurons, sensory nerves, motor nerves Answer: D Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 90. Neurons that send messages to other neurons are called __________. A) motor neurons B) sensory neurons C) interneurons D) efferent neurons Answer: C Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   91. Which of the following are responsible for acting as a facilitator of communication between neurons? A) motor nerves Incorrect. Motor nerves carry messages from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body. B) interneurons Correct. Interneurons connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons. C) sensory nerves D) reflexes Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 92. Mary put her hand on a hot stove. Which neuron is responsible for sending a pain message up her spinal column, where it would then enter into the main area of the cord? A) motor nerve B) interneuron Incorrect. Sensory nerves carry information from the senses to the spinal cord. C) sensory nerve Correct. Sensory nerves carry information from the senses to the spinal cord. D) efferent neuron Answer: C Diff: 1 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 93. LaKeisha stepped on a piece of glass and quickly pulled her foot away from that sharp object. Which of the following are responsible for sending a message to the muscles in LaKeisha’s foot, resulting in her pulling her foot away from the piece of glass? A) motor nerves Correct. Motor nerves carry messages from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body. B) interneurons Incorrect. Interneurons connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons. C) sensory nerves D) reflex nerves Answer: A Diff: 1 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   94. Cameron touches a hot iron and immediately pulls his hand away. His quick response occurs because __________. A) the pain message only travels to the spinal cord instead of going all the way to the brain Correct. Pain messages initiate automatic reflexes without involving the brain. B) the brain has registered that pain is occurring and responds quickly Incorrect. This type of pain message does not go all the way to the brain. C) his glands have secreted chemical messengers called hormones D) neurons in the spinal cord touch end to end to increase response speed Answer: A Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2a Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 95. The peripheral nervous system consists of the __________ and the __________ nervous systems. A) autonomic; somatic B) autonomic; sympathetic C) parasympathetic; somatic D) parasympathetic; sympathetic Answer: A Diff: 1 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2b Clarify how the somatic and autonomic nervous systems work in emergency and everyday situations. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 69 a = 69 b = 12 c = 0 d = 19 r = .43 96. As she walks out of the living room, Gloriann turns out the light. In this example, Gloriann’s __________ nervous system is active and allows her to control this voluntary action. A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) autonomic Incorrect. Turning out the light requires voluntary muscle movement. D) somatic Correct. Turning out the light requires voluntary muscle movement. Answer: D Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2b Clarify how the somatic and autonomic nervous systems work in emergency and everyday situations. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   97. Involuntary functions are controlled by the __________ nervous system. A) somatic B) autonomic C) iatrogenic D) central Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2b Clarify how the somatic and autonomic nervous systems work in emergency and everyday situations. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 98. The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that consists of nerves that control all of the involuntary organs and glands is called the __________ nervous system. A) somatic B) autonomic C) sympathetic D) parasympathetic Answer: B Diff: 2 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2b Clarify how the somatic and autonomic nervous systems work in emergency and everyday situations. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network 99. When you see someone you have a crush on and your heart pounds, your hands get sweaty, and your cheeks feel hot, your __________ is/are active. A) skeletal nervous system B) spinal reflexes C) autonomic nervous system Correct. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary muscles and glands. D) somatic nervous system Incorrect. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary muscles. Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2b Clarify how the somatic and autonomic nervous systems work in emergency and everyday situations. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   100. Calm is to aroused as __________ is to __________. A) parasympathetic; sympathetic Correct. When we are calm and not under stress, the parasympathetic system is doing its job. When we are in a heightened state of arousal, the sympathetic system is active. B) autonomic; motor C) sympathetic; parasympathetic Incorrect. This is the opposite of the correct answer. D) central; peripheral Answer: A Diff: 2 Skill: Conceptual APA LO: 1.1 TEXT LO: 3.2b Clarify how the somatic and autonomic nervous systems work in emergency and everyday situations. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 66 a = 66 b = 7 c = 23 d = 4 r = .54 101. The flight-or-fight response is mobilized by the __________ nervous system. A) central B) somatic C) sympathetic D) parasympathetic Answer: C Diff: 3 Skill: Factual APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2b Clarify how the somatic and autonomic nervous systems work in emergency and everyday situations. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 59 a = 5 b = 11 c = 59 d = 22 r = .46 102. As Molly is walking across campus, a car swerves toward her. Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm’s way. This mobilization of energy is due to the action of Molly’s __________ nervous system. A) somatic B) skeletal C) parasympathetic Incorrect. The parasympathetic nervous system restores the body to normal functioning after arousal. D) sympathetic Correct. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal. Answer: D Diff: 2 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2b Clarify how the somatic and autonomic nervous systems work in emergency and everyday situations. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network   103. Malcolm is studying alone in his room late at night when he hears a loud noise downstairs. His heartbeat increases significantly and his breathing becomes shallow. He wonders if a burglar has entered the house and decides to investigate. When he gets downstairs, he discovers his cat has knocked over a plant stand. His body begins to relax and return to normal. Which part of his nervous system is responsible for returning Malcolm to a normal state? A) spinal cord B) somatic nervous system C) sympathetic nervous system Incorrect. The sympathetic nervous system mobilizes the body in times of stress. D) parasympathetic nervous system Correct. The parasympathetic nervous system restores the body to normal functioning after arousal. Answer: D Diff: 3 Skill: Applied APA LO: 1.3 TEXT LO: 3.2b Clarify how the somatic and autonomic nervous systems work in emergency and everyday situations. Topic: The Brain–Behavior Network % correct 37 a = 5 b = 21 c = 37 d = 37 r = .60 104. Which of the following