NAS2 Challenge Exam Questions And Answers 2023

Purpose of Scientific Method - solve a problem or answer a question Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Observe & Record, Analyze, Conclude - steps of scientific method Independent variable - a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure, change or controlled example: age dependent variable - a variable dependent on other factors, tested or measured example: test score - factors that go into a score you receive on a test control group - does not receive treatment and used to compare or measure the other subjects experimental group - exposed to changes in independent variable anatomy - branch of science concerned with bodily structure of living organisms; structure physiology - science dealing with the functions of living things or their organs level of organization - living things arranged from the simplest to most complex are: organelle cells tissues organs organ systems, organism populations communities ecosystem biosphere requirements for life - Cellular organization Reproduction Metabolism Homeostasis Heredity Response to stimuli Growth and development Adaptation through evolution survival needs - Food, oxygen, water, body temperature, atmospheric pressure (oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange) homeostasis - relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain receptor - senses environmental stimulus and sends info to control center control center - hypothalamus signals effector effector - responds to stimuli example: muscle contracting negative feedback mechanisms - net effect is that the original output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces the intensity homeostasis negative feedback mechanisms - most common form of homeostasis, bringing people back to normal functioning negative feedback mechanisms - example of homeostasis: adjustments of blood pressure, metabolism, body temp positive feedback mechanisms - form of homeostasis level of variable changes in same direction as initial change enhances or accelerates output created by activated stimulus positive feedback mechanisms - example of type of homeostasis: platelet aggregation or accumulation in response to injury, child birth anatomical position - erect position, face forward, arms at side, palms face forward used to describe relation to other things coronal, sagittal, transverse - 3 major planes of dissection cranial - brain body region spinal/vertebral - spinal cord body region thoracic cavity - lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus