MMSC 420 exam 2 (100% Accurate Solutions)

activate classical complement pathway correct answers -bacteria -enveloped viruses -tumor cells -foreign cells complement inhibitor proteins correct answers factors that prevent the complement pathways from spontaneously activating -help to stop complement system once the reaction is not needed anymore classical complement pathway correct answers 2 molecules of IgG or 1 molecule of IgM + *calcium* leads to complement fixation to lyse foreign cells -factor C3bC3d coats RBC membrane (detected in DAT) alternate complement pathway correct answers complement binds to bacterial polysaccharide and is activated lectin complement pathway correct answers previously activated complement MAC leads to further complement fixation recognition unit correct answers -foreign antigen is present causing inactive C1 to break down into C1q, C1r and C1s -active C1s protease is used to activate the next step in the complement cascade activation unit correct answers -active C1s protease activates factor C2, producing C2a -activated C2a activates factor C4, producing C4b -C4b and C2a bind producing C4b2a -C4b2a activates C3, then binds to it to form the C5 convertase enzyme -C5 convertase enzyme activates factor C5 membrane attack unit correct answers -activated C5 goes on to activate C6, C7, C8 and C9, forming the MAC -MAC attacks invader cells by punching holes in the cell membrane and causing lysis role of the complement system correct answers -part of innate immunity -lysis of foreign cells, bacteria, enveloped viruses and tumor cells -opsonization to facilitate phagocytosis -producing products to mediate inflammatory and immune responses C3bC3d correct answers complement component that attaches to RBC surface -complement fixation can lead to fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) -even if not fatal, complement fixation can lead to poor therapeutic response to transfusion, defeating the purpose of the transfusion