ObGyn EOR Exam Questions and Answers 2023.

ObGyn EOR Exam Questions and Answers 2023. generic term used when a source of bleeding has not been identified - Answerabnormal genital bleeding what is bleeding that includes abnormal menstrual bleeding and bleeding due to pregnancy, systemic disease or cancer? - Answer- abnormal uterine bleeding T/F: abnormal uterine bleeding has an identifiable reason for the cause of bleeding - Answer- true. what is dysfunctional uterine bleeding? - Answer- abnormal uterine bleeding unrelated to systemic medical illness, endocrinopathy, structural uterine anomaly when can DUB be diagnosed? - Answer- after EXCLUSION of pathology. AUB and DUB are NOT interchangeable terms. what is "heavy prolonged menstrual flow"? - Answer- menorrhagia. (hypermenorrhea). wheat is an "unusually light menstrual flow"? - Answer- hypomenorrhea (cryptomenorrhea). what is metorrhagia? - Answer- intermenstrual bleeding. bleeding that occurs at any time between menstrual periods. what is "polymenorrhea"? - Answer- periods that occur too frequently. closer than 21 days. (normal is 28 +/- 7 days). usually associated with anovulation. rarely assocaited with shortened luteal phase of menstrual cycle. what is "menometorrhagia"? - Answer- periods that occur at irregular intervals. amount and duration vary. heavy, persistent, long term bleeding. what is it called when menstrual periods occur > 35 days apart? - Answeroligomenorrhea what is postcoital bleeding? - Answer- contact bleeding. bleeding with cervical contact. often after intercourse. what is a heavy prolonged menstrual flow? - Answer- menorrhagia. (gushing or open faucet bleeding is ALWAYS abnormal.) what are some causes of menorrhagia (heavy, prolonged menstrual bleeding)? - Answer- submucosal myomas (benign tumor). complications of pregnancy. adenomyosis. IUDs. Endometrial hyperplasia. malignant tumors. dysfunctional bleeding from hormonal causes. what are causes of hypomenorrhea (unusually light menstrual flow)? - Answer- also called cryptomenorrhea. obstruction such as hymenal or cervical stenosis. uterine syechia (Asherman's Syndrome). oral contraceptives. endometrial ablation. what causes metorrhagia? - Answer- ovulatory bleeding occurs midcycle as spotting can be documented with basal body temperature. also caused by endometrial polyps, cervical carcinomas. *exogenous estrogen is a more common cause* what causes periods that occur too frequently (polymenorrhea)? - Answer- usually associated with anovulation. rarely associated with shortened luteal phase in menstrual cycle. _________ is bleeding that occurs at irregular intervals. - Answer- menometorrhagia. what are menstrual periods that occur > 35 days apart? - Answer- oligomenorrhea. secondary amenorrhea is diagnosed if no menstrual period occurs for more than 6 months. note: worry about unopposed estrogen! contact bleeding (postcoital bleeding) should worry you about what? - Answer- cervical cancer until proven otherwise!! what are some causes of contact bleeding? - Answer- cervical eversion (ectropion) cervical polyps (usually benign) cervical/vaginal infection. atropic vaginitis (loss of estrogen w/ menopause). what is "breakthrough bleeding"? - Answer- when on OCs. Otherwise, called intermenstrual bleeding. STRONG ASSOCIATION WITH UTERINE PATHOLOGY. Must r/o cancer or hyperplasia if older than 30. what is the best diagnostic test for intermenstrual bleeding? - Answer- hysteroscopy with D&C. look around, see lesions, take scraping, etc. what is the MOST COMMON CAUSE of infertility in the United States? - AnswerPCOS. a form of insulin resistance. increased facial hair, acne. decrease in menstrual periods (less than 8 per year). what is the "classic triad" for PCOS? - Answer- abnormal anovulatory cycles. hyperandrogenism. polycystic ovaries bilaterally. what is commonly underdiagnosed in patients with PCOS? - Answer- obstructive sleep abnea. what converts androgens to estrogen? - Answer- ovaries. in patients with PCOS, decreased level of FSH relative to LH means that the ovarian granulosa cells cannot aromatize the androgens to estrogens. S&S hyperandrogenism: - Answer- excess terminal body hair in male distribution pattern. common on upper lip, chin, nipples, linea alba. maybe male pattern baldness (androgenic alopecia). may have increased mm mass, deep voice, clitoromegaly. acanthosis nigricans is thought to be the result of: - Answer- insulin resistance insulin resistance and the ovaries - Answer- PCO-make too much free testosterone— increase in facial and chest hair, losing hair on their heads, increased muscle mass in upper arms and chest, extra testosterone also cause acne, male voice. Abnormal hormone levels-also inhibit normal ovulation—low progesterone. what is "gravidity"? - Answer- the number of pregnancies including current pregnancy. includes miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies, stillbirths. define "parity": - Answer- number of pregnancies that have ended at gestational age greater than 20 weeks. what are "abortuses"? - Answer- number of pregnancies that have ended at gestational ages less than 20 weeks. includes ectopic pregnancies, induced abortions, spontaneous abortions. last menstrual period measurement starts when? - Answer- the FIRST DAY of the last menstrual period. how is expected due date (EDD) calculated? - Answer- subtract 3 months from the last menstrual period. add 7 days to the first day of the LMP. the first day of a woman's LMP was November 1. When is her expected due date? - Answer- EDD August 8 define "menometorrhagia" - Answer- irregular AND heavy menses what are S&S of preeclampsia? - Answer- headaches, visual disturbances, dyspnea, epigastric pain, face/hand swelling. begin asking questions about this in every pregnancy > 20 weeks gestation what kind of heart murmurs are common in pregnant women? - Answer- systolic flow murmurs. due to increased cardiac output.