psych 10 final Exam Graded A+

psych 10 final Adolescence is marked by the onset of a. an identity crisis b. puberty c. separation anxiety d. parent-child conflict - b. puberty According to Piaget, a person who can think logically about abstractions is in the ____________ ___________ stage. - formal operations In Erikson's stages, the primary task during adolescence is a. attaining formal operations b. forging an identity c. developing a sense of intimacy with another person d. living independent of parents - b. forging an identity Some developmental psychologists now refer to the period that occurs in some western cultures from age 18 to the mid-twenties and beyond (up to the time of full adult independence) as _____________ ______________ - emerging adulthood BY age 65, a person would be most likely to experience a cognitive decline in the ability to a. recall and list all the important terms and concepts in a module b. select the correct definition in a multiple choice question c. recall their own birth date d. practice a well-learned skill, such as knitting - a. recall and list all the important terms and concepts in a module How do cross-sectional and longitudinal studies differ? - Cross-sectional studies compare people of different ages. Longitudinal studies restudy and retest the same people over a long period of time. Freud defined the healthy adult as one who is able to love and work. Erikson agreed, observing that the adult struggles to attain intimacy and ___________ - generativity Contrary to what people may assume, a. older people are much happier than adolescents b. men in their forties express much greater dissatisfaction with life than do women of the same age c. people of all ages report similar levels of happiness d. those whose children have recently left home--the empty nesters--have the lowest level of happiness of all groups - c. people of all ages report similar signs of happiness Today's evolutionary psychology shares an idea that was an underlying assumption of instinct theory. the idea is that a. physiological needs arouse psychological states b. genes predispose species-typical behavior c. physiological needs increase arousal d. external needs energize and direct behavior - b. genes predispose species typical behavior An example of a physiological need is ____________. An example of a psychological drive is ___________. a. hunger; a "push" to find food b. a "push" to find food; hunger c. curiosity; a "push" to reduce arousal d. a "push" to reduce arousal; curiosity - a. hunger; a "push" to find food Jan walks into a friend's kitchen, smells bread baking, and begins to feel very hungry. The smell of baking bread is a(n) _____________ (incentive/drive) - incentive ____________ theory attempts to explain behaviors that do NOT reduce physiological needs - arousal With a challenging task, such as taking a difficult exam, performance is likely to peak when arousal is a. very high b. moderate c. very low d. absent - b. moderate According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, our most basic needs are physiological, including the need for food and water; just above these are _______ needs a. safety b. self esteem c. belongingness d. self transcendence - a. safety Journalist Dorothy Dix once remarked, "Nobody wants to kiss when the are hungry." How does Maslow's hierarchy of needs support her statement? - it addresses the primacy of some motives over others. Once our basic physiological needs are met, safety concerns are addressed next, followed by belongingness and love needs. According to the concept of set point, our body maintains itself at a particular weight level. This "weight thermostat" is an example of ___________. - homeostasis Which of the following is a genetically predisposed response to food? a. an aversion to eating cats and dogs b. an interest in novel foods c. a preference for sweet and salty foods d. an aversion to carbohydrates - c. a preference for sweet and salty foods The blood sugar ___________ provides the body with energy. When it is _________ (low/high), we feel hungry - glucose; low The rate at which your body expends energy while at rest is referred to as the _____________ ______________ rate. - basal metabolic Obese people find it very difficult to lose weight permanently. This is due to several factors, including the fact that a. dieting triggers neophobia b. the set point of obese people is lower than average c. with dieting, metabolism increases d. there is a genetic influence on body weight - d. there is a genetic influence on body weight Sanjay recently adopted the typical college diet high in fat and sugar. He knows he may gain weight, but he figures it's no big deal because he can lose the extra pounds in the future. How would you evaluate Sanjay's plan? - Sanjay's plan is problematic. After he gains weight, the extra fat will require less energy to maintain than it did to gain in the first place. Sanjay may have a hard time getting rid of it later, when his metabolism slows down in an effort to retain his body weight. Which of the following is NOT part of the evidence presented to support the view that humans are strongly motivated by a need to belong? a. students who rated themselves as "very happy" also tended to have satisfying close relationships b. social exclusion--such as exile or solitary confinement--is considered a sever form of punishment c. as adults, adopted children tend to resemble their biological parents and to yearn for an affiliation with them d. children who are extremely neglected become withdrawn, frightened, and speechless - c. as adults, adopted children tend to resemble their biological parents and to yearn for an affiliation with them What are some ways to manage our social networking time successfully? - monitor the time spent online, as well as our feelings about that time. Hide distracting online friends. Turn off or put away distracting devices. Consider a social networking fast, and get away/outside from technology regularly The _____________-____________ theory of emotion maintains that a physiological response happens BEFORE we know what we are feeling. - James-Lange Assume that after spending an hour on a treadmill, you receive a letter saying that your scholarship request has been approved. The two-factor theory of emotion would predict that your physical arousal will a. weaken your happiness b. intensify your happiness c. transform your happiness into relief d. have no particular effect on your happiness - b. intensify your happiness Zajonc and LeDoux maintain that some emotional reactions occur before we have had the chance to label or interpret them. Lazarus disagreed. These psychologists differ about whether emotional responses occurring the absence of a. physical arousal b. the hormone epinephrine c. cognitive processing d. learning - c. cognitive processing What does a polygraph measure and why are its results questionable? - A polygraph measures physiological changes, such as heart rate and and perspiration, that are associated with emotions. Its use as a lie detector is controversial because the measure cannot distinguish between emotions with similar physiology (such as anxiety and guilt). When people are induced to assume fearful expressions, they often report feeling a little fear. This result is known as the __________ ____________ effect. - facial feedback One of the most consistent findings of psychological research is that happy people are also a. more likely to express anger b. generally luckier than others c. concentrated in the wealthier nations d. more likely to help others - d. more likely to help others