Tectonics
Japan Tohoku Earthquake- lead to boxing day tsunami
Sichuan China 2008 Earthquake
Japan 2011 Sichuan China Haiti 2010 2010 Eyjafjallajökull 2013 Philippines 2018 Hawaii
Tohoku 2008 Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake, volcanic eruption
Earthquake Typhoon, Flooding
+ Tsunami
-Magnitude 9.1 -Magnitude 7.9 Magnitude=7.0 -Lava flows and ash EQ -hotspot volcano
-16k deaths -Deaths= 69k Epicentre near plumes before -killed 222 people as oceanic plate
-331 hospitals -5m buildings the port au -Glacier covered Occurred in the moved due to an
destroyed collapsed prince volcano so lead to morning when a lot intraplate EQ
-only 58% -Cost- $140bn (urbanised) widespread flooding of people asleep+
followed warning -Schools were infrastructure -over 3000 EQ before public holiday so -lasted 3 months
signs main damaged eruption as a warning skls and gov offices -2000 evacuated
-56% of deaths infrastructure beyond repair -500 evacuated shut -$800m worth of
were over 65y/o that collapsed -HDI=0.49 -10 million passengers -rural area damage
-Cost $360bn due to -Cost $8.5bn affected as 100,000 -regular EQ drills
-Land fell by government -230,000 deaths flights cancelled +some EQ resistant
0.6mm meaning corruption -1.5m homeless ($130m lost in buildings
waves could leading to lack of -Cholera infected revenue)
travel further enforced building 800k, killed 100k -50,000 Kenyan Typoon
inland codes farmers lost their jobs -$2.2bn cost
-Tsunami-40m -Gov reacted fast -$13bn given in -globally cost $4.7bn -6,300 dead
high as 2008 Olympics aid
-Fukushima were a month -Red cross gave Flooding
destroyed away medical care to -prolonged period
-liquefaction 700,000 people of low pressure
damaged 1000 air systems
buildings containing lots of
$1bn Early unstable weather.
warning
systems: Japan
has one of the
most advanced
earthquake and
tsunami early
warning systems
in the world.
, Coasts
Holderness coast in East riding of Yorkshire
-Discordant coastline (alternating layers of hard and soft rock)
Hornsea- protected by rock armour, sea wall, groynes
Mapleton- R
Water cycle
The Amazon-6.7m sq
River regime
-High flow in the wet seasons and low flow in the dry seasons
-large scale deforestation as less water stored in the pedosphere or plants
Droughts - POSITVE feedback loop
-The Pantanal has experience serve droughts in 2020
- widespread fires that burned down large areas of wetlands and lead to more deforestation
-Deforestation lead to decreased rainfall as trees play a crucial role in absorbing and releasing water
through transpiration- rain levels down 50%
BUT- POSITVE feedback loop
-Accounts for 20% of the worlds freshwater discharge into oceans
-140bn metric tons of carbon stored in biosphere and pedosphere
Yukon river
-high flow in spring caused by snow melt but little slow in winter due to ice and snow (seasonal
variability)
Murray Darling river regime (tension between players)
-Basin covers 14% of mainland Australia (1/3 national food comes from area)
-2007 created Murray Darling authority
-conflict between farmers for irrigation and the major Australian cities
Cape Town -Water restrictions (DAY 0)
Japan Tohoku Earthquake- lead to boxing day tsunami
Sichuan China 2008 Earthquake
Japan 2011 Sichuan China Haiti 2010 2010 Eyjafjallajökull 2013 Philippines 2018 Hawaii
Tohoku 2008 Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake, volcanic eruption
Earthquake Typhoon, Flooding
+ Tsunami
-Magnitude 9.1 -Magnitude 7.9 Magnitude=7.0 -Lava flows and ash EQ -hotspot volcano
-16k deaths -Deaths= 69k Epicentre near plumes before -killed 222 people as oceanic plate
-331 hospitals -5m buildings the port au -Glacier covered Occurred in the moved due to an
destroyed collapsed prince volcano so lead to morning when a lot intraplate EQ
-only 58% -Cost- $140bn (urbanised) widespread flooding of people asleep+
followed warning -Schools were infrastructure -over 3000 EQ before public holiday so -lasted 3 months
signs main damaged eruption as a warning skls and gov offices -2000 evacuated
-56% of deaths infrastructure beyond repair -500 evacuated shut -$800m worth of
were over 65y/o that collapsed -HDI=0.49 -10 million passengers -rural area damage
-Cost $360bn due to -Cost $8.5bn affected as 100,000 -regular EQ drills
-Land fell by government -230,000 deaths flights cancelled +some EQ resistant
0.6mm meaning corruption -1.5m homeless ($130m lost in buildings
waves could leading to lack of -Cholera infected revenue)
travel further enforced building 800k, killed 100k -50,000 Kenyan Typoon
inland codes farmers lost their jobs -$2.2bn cost
-Tsunami-40m -Gov reacted fast -$13bn given in -globally cost $4.7bn -6,300 dead
high as 2008 Olympics aid
-Fukushima were a month -Red cross gave Flooding
destroyed away medical care to -prolonged period
-liquefaction 700,000 people of low pressure
damaged 1000 air systems
buildings containing lots of
$1bn Early unstable weather.
warning
systems: Japan
has one of the
most advanced
earthquake and
tsunami early
warning systems
in the world.
, Coasts
Holderness coast in East riding of Yorkshire
-Discordant coastline (alternating layers of hard and soft rock)
Hornsea- protected by rock armour, sea wall, groynes
Mapleton- R
Water cycle
The Amazon-6.7m sq
River regime
-High flow in the wet seasons and low flow in the dry seasons
-large scale deforestation as less water stored in the pedosphere or plants
Droughts - POSITVE feedback loop
-The Pantanal has experience serve droughts in 2020
- widespread fires that burned down large areas of wetlands and lead to more deforestation
-Deforestation lead to decreased rainfall as trees play a crucial role in absorbing and releasing water
through transpiration- rain levels down 50%
BUT- POSITVE feedback loop
-Accounts for 20% of the worlds freshwater discharge into oceans
-140bn metric tons of carbon stored in biosphere and pedosphere
Yukon river
-high flow in spring caused by snow melt but little slow in winter due to ice and snow (seasonal
variability)
Murray Darling river regime (tension between players)
-Basin covers 14% of mainland Australia (1/3 national food comes from area)
-2007 created Murray Darling authority
-conflict between farmers for irrigation and the major Australian cities
Cape Town -Water restrictions (DAY 0)
