Pathophysiology 9th edition mccance test bank latest revised

Pathophysiology 9th edition mccance test bank latest revisedPATHOPHYSIOLOGY9THEDITIONMCCANCETESTBANKLATESTREVISEDHarryson Chapter 1: Cellular Biology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CeOnMperoxide (H2O2) by using oxygen toremove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction? a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes ANS: B Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen toremove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapesfrom peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originatefrom the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomesare involved in enzyme production. PTS: 1 REF: Page 8 2. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption? a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats. ANS: C In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances fromtheir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption. PTS: 1 REF: Page 2 3. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the: a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus b. Ribosome d. Lysosome ANS: C The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, whichregulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information. PTS: 1 REF: Page 2 4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released duringcell injury? a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulumb. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes ANS: D Harryson The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injuryleads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describethisprocess. PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8 5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell? a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane. c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane. d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane. ANS: A The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosomefor synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process. NURSINGTB.COM PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5 6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? a. G1 c. G2 b. S d. M ANS: B The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), whichis theperiod between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the Sphase(S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completionof DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear andcytoplasmic division. PTS: 1 REF: Page 37 7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by actingas receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? a. Lipids c. Proteins b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates ANS: C