21-23 Unit 8 LAA Musculoskeletal Disorders Unknown
I am employed to help the health department. I have produced a report to describe the
musculoskeletal system, disorders and how they are treated. I am also going to describe and
explain the skeletal system.
Explain the functional role of the musculoskeletal system in the human
body.
Craniu
m
Manabl
Sternum e Ribs
Humeru
Vertebral s
Radius
column
Pelvi
Femur s
Ulna
Patella
Tarsa Tibi
Metatarsal
ls aFibu
sPhalange la
s
Figure 1
the human skeleton
system
Main function of the skeletal system
1. Support -helps us to resist the forces of gravity and tension, preventing our organs
from being squashed by gravity and atmospheric pressure. It helps to keep the body
upright
2. Movement-Tendons connect skeletal muscle to bones at joints, allowing for
articulation.
3. Protection- It protects our important organs, particularly the rib cage, which holds
our lungs, heart, and liver. The cranium so the brain and the spinal cord so the
Vertebral column
4. Storing minerals-Bone calcium ions can be used to replace calcium in the blood
and muscles (Calcium is used for blood vessel and muscle contraction, enzyme and
hormone secretion and functioning of the CNS)
5. Producing red blood cells-Different types of blood cells are formed by
haematopoietic stem cells found in the femur, pelvis, and sternum.
1
, 21-23 Unit 8 LAA Musculoskeletal Disorders Unknown
Describe Bone structure, composition and all functions
Figure 2 labelled chicken leg
dissection Spongy
Proximal
epiphysis
bone
Epiphyseal
line
Red bone
Articula Endoste
marrow
epiph r Compact
um
ysis cartilag bone
e Medullary
Yellow
cavity bone
Diaphysis marrow
Periosteu
Compact
m
bone Nutrient
Diaph Modullar artery
ysis y
Yellow
marrow Distal
epiphysis
Figure 3 a labelled diagram of
the main parts in a long bone
Long bones- makes the limbs. These are hard bone cylinders with soft spongy marrow
inside. They're wider in the centre than they are at the ends. This provides additional stability
at the joint where one bone articulates with (moves in or on) another.e.g. Femur, humerus-
appendicular
Short bones- for example your wrist and ankle, have the same structure as long bones but
are squat. They are hard bone cylinders with soft spongy marrow inside.This gives a greater
variety of movement with no loss of strength.
Flat bones- made up of a sandwich of hard bone with a spongy layer between. Some are
protective - the cranium protects the brain or in the case of the scapula, they give a large
area for muscle attachment. The sternum is also a flat bone.
Sesamoid bones- small (,irregular shape) bones in tendons at regions where there is a lot
of pressure. Your kneecaps (patellae) are sesamoid bones.
Irregular bones- have various forms. For example, the box-shaped vertebrae that form the
backbone. Vertebrae are strong, contain marrow and protect the spinal cord. The facial
bones are irregular and contain air-filled cavities, making them light.The hip bones are also
irregular.
2
I am employed to help the health department. I have produced a report to describe the
musculoskeletal system, disorders and how they are treated. I am also going to describe and
explain the skeletal system.
Explain the functional role of the musculoskeletal system in the human
body.
Craniu
m
Manabl
Sternum e Ribs
Humeru
Vertebral s
Radius
column
Pelvi
Femur s
Ulna
Patella
Tarsa Tibi
Metatarsal
ls aFibu
sPhalange la
s
Figure 1
the human skeleton
system
Main function of the skeletal system
1. Support -helps us to resist the forces of gravity and tension, preventing our organs
from being squashed by gravity and atmospheric pressure. It helps to keep the body
upright
2. Movement-Tendons connect skeletal muscle to bones at joints, allowing for
articulation.
3. Protection- It protects our important organs, particularly the rib cage, which holds
our lungs, heart, and liver. The cranium so the brain and the spinal cord so the
Vertebral column
4. Storing minerals-Bone calcium ions can be used to replace calcium in the blood
and muscles (Calcium is used for blood vessel and muscle contraction, enzyme and
hormone secretion and functioning of the CNS)
5. Producing red blood cells-Different types of blood cells are formed by
haematopoietic stem cells found in the femur, pelvis, and sternum.
1
, 21-23 Unit 8 LAA Musculoskeletal Disorders Unknown
Describe Bone structure, composition and all functions
Figure 2 labelled chicken leg
dissection Spongy
Proximal
epiphysis
bone
Epiphyseal
line
Red bone
Articula Endoste
marrow
epiph r Compact
um
ysis cartilag bone
e Medullary
Yellow
cavity bone
Diaphysis marrow
Periosteu
Compact
m
bone Nutrient
Diaph Modullar artery
ysis y
Yellow
marrow Distal
epiphysis
Figure 3 a labelled diagram of
the main parts in a long bone
Long bones- makes the limbs. These are hard bone cylinders with soft spongy marrow
inside. They're wider in the centre than they are at the ends. This provides additional stability
at the joint where one bone articulates with (moves in or on) another.e.g. Femur, humerus-
appendicular
Short bones- for example your wrist and ankle, have the same structure as long bones but
are squat. They are hard bone cylinders with soft spongy marrow inside.This gives a greater
variety of movement with no loss of strength.
Flat bones- made up of a sandwich of hard bone with a spongy layer between. Some are
protective - the cranium protects the brain or in the case of the scapula, they give a large
area for muscle attachment. The sternum is also a flat bone.
Sesamoid bones- small (,irregular shape) bones in tendons at regions where there is a lot
of pressure. Your kneecaps (patellae) are sesamoid bones.
Irregular bones- have various forms. For example, the box-shaped vertebrae that form the
backbone. Vertebrae are strong, contain marrow and protect the spinal cord. The facial
bones are irregular and contain air-filled cavities, making them light.The hip bones are also
irregular.
2
