HESI Hints & NCLEX Gems Questions and Answers 2023.

HESI Hints & NCLEX Gems Questions and Answers 2023. HESI Hints & NCLEX Gems- Answering NCLEX Questions Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs  Physiologic  Safety  Love and Belonging  Esteem  Self-actualization Nursing Process  Assessment  Diagnosis (Analysis)  Planning  Implementation (treatment)  Evaluation ABCs  Airway  Breathing  Circulation Normal Lab Values  Hemoglobin: o Males 14-18 o Females 12-16  Hematocrit: o Males 42-52 o Females 37-47  RBCs o Males 4.7-6.1 million o Females 4.2-5.4 million  WBCs: 4.5-11k  Platelets: 150-400k  PT: (Coumadin/Warfarin): 11-12.5 seconds (INR and PT TR = 1.5-2 times the normal value)  PTT 25-35 seconds  INR: 2-3.5 seconds  APTT (Heparin): 60-70 sec (APTT and PTT TR = 1.5-2.5 times normal)  BUN: 10-20  Creatinine: 0.6-1.2  Glucose: 70-110  Cholesterol: < 200  Bilirubin Newborn:1-12  Phenylalanine Newborn: < 2, Adult < 6  Sodium (Na+): 135-145  Potassium (K+) 3.5-5 o Hypokalemia: Prominent U waves, Depressed ST segment, Flat T waves o Hyperkalemia: Tall T-Waves, Prolonged PR interval, wide QRS  Calcium (Ca+) 8.5-10.5 o Hypocalcemia ... muscle spasms, convulsions, cramps/tetany, + Trousseau's, + Chvostek's, prolonged ST interval, prolonged QT segment  Magnesium (Mg+): 1.5-2.5  Chloride: 96-106  Phosphate: 3.0 -4.5  Albumin: 3.5-5  Spec Gravity: 1.005-1.030  Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Hgb A1c): 4-6% ideal, < 7.5% = OK (120 days)  Dilantin TR = 10-20  Lithium TR = 0.5-1.5  Arterial Blood Gases ... Used for Acidosis vs. Alkalosis o PH: 7.35-7.45 o CO2: 35-45 (Respiratory driver) ... High = Acidosis o HCO3: 21-28 (Metabolic driver) ... High = Alkalosis o O2: 80-100 o O2 Sat 95-100% Antidotes  Digoxin - Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)  Coumadin - Vitamin K (Keep PT and INR @ 1-1.5 X normal)  Benzodiazepines - Flumazenil (Tomazicon)  Magnesium Sulfate - Calcium Gluconate?  Heparin - Protamine Sulfate (Keep APTT and PTT @ 1.5-2.5 X normal)  Tylenol - Mucomist (17 doses + loading dose) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC)  Opiates (narcotic analgesics, heroin, morphine) - Narcan (Naloxone)  Cholinergic Meds (Myesthenic Bradycardia) - Atropine  Methotrexate - leucovorin, Delegation RN Only  Blood Products (2 RNs must check)  Clotting Factors  Sterile dressing changes and procedures  Assessments that require clinical judgment  Ultimately responsible for all delegated duties Unlicensed Assistive Personnel  Non-sterile procedures.