Grade 10 Biology
Topic 1 - Cells
Cell theory:
1. The cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms
2. All living things are made of cells
3. All cells come from other pre-existing cells
Basic Structure of a Cell:
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Both have
- No nucleus - Have a nucleus (a - Cytoplasm
- No membrane-bound compartment where - Ribosomes – make
organelles (nucleus) the DNA is) protein in the cells
- Have membrane- - Cell membranes –
bound organelles control what goes in
and out of cells
- Genetic Materials
(DNA)
Plants vs. Animal Cells
Plant Animal Both
- Vacuole – a - Centrioles – organize - Cytoplasm
membrane-bound sac microtubes and other - ER
that plays roles in parts of cytoskeleton - Ribosome
intracellular - Cell membrane
digestions and the - Mitochondria
release of cellular - Nucleus
waste products - Golgi Apparatus
- Chloroplasts – - Plasma Membrane
, responsible for the - Lysosomes
plant’s green colour - Cytoskeleton
and the ability to
absorb energy from
sunlight.
You need to know how to use a microscope properly and identify the correct stage.
Topic 2 - Biological diagrams, Microscope
Parts and Function of a Microscope:
, Topic 3: Cell Cycle, Cell Divison
Cell Cycle:
Definition: the period of time from the start of one cell division to the start of the next cell
division
The length of cell division may vary depending on the type of cell.
Cells divide and replicate themselves for your body to function properly – for your body
to grow and for body tissue to continuously renew itself.
Chromosomes/DNA must duplicate itself so that when the cell divides into two, each
cell have a copy of chromosomes.
Interphase – getting the cell ready for cell division
A cell must properly prep itself before undergoing cell division
The prep is to duplicate/double its chromosomes – ensures that the new cells have the
right amount of chromosomes.
IN the case of human cells, the parent cell has 46 chromosome and the two daughter
cells must also contain 46 chromosomes after cell division
Mitosis (purpose and each step):
Mitosis: a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two
genetically identical daughter cells.
Topic 1 - Cells
Cell theory:
1. The cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms
2. All living things are made of cells
3. All cells come from other pre-existing cells
Basic Structure of a Cell:
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Both have
- No nucleus - Have a nucleus (a - Cytoplasm
- No membrane-bound compartment where - Ribosomes – make
organelles (nucleus) the DNA is) protein in the cells
- Have membrane- - Cell membranes –
bound organelles control what goes in
and out of cells
- Genetic Materials
(DNA)
Plants vs. Animal Cells
Plant Animal Both
- Vacuole – a - Centrioles – organize - Cytoplasm
membrane-bound sac microtubes and other - ER
that plays roles in parts of cytoskeleton - Ribosome
intracellular - Cell membrane
digestions and the - Mitochondria
release of cellular - Nucleus
waste products - Golgi Apparatus
- Chloroplasts – - Plasma Membrane
, responsible for the - Lysosomes
plant’s green colour - Cytoskeleton
and the ability to
absorb energy from
sunlight.
You need to know how to use a microscope properly and identify the correct stage.
Topic 2 - Biological diagrams, Microscope
Parts and Function of a Microscope:
, Topic 3: Cell Cycle, Cell Divison
Cell Cycle:
Definition: the period of time from the start of one cell division to the start of the next cell
division
The length of cell division may vary depending on the type of cell.
Cells divide and replicate themselves for your body to function properly – for your body
to grow and for body tissue to continuously renew itself.
Chromosomes/DNA must duplicate itself so that when the cell divides into two, each
cell have a copy of chromosomes.
Interphase – getting the cell ready for cell division
A cell must properly prep itself before undergoing cell division
The prep is to duplicate/double its chromosomes – ensures that the new cells have the
right amount of chromosomes.
IN the case of human cells, the parent cell has 46 chromosome and the two daughter
cells must also contain 46 chromosomes after cell division
Mitosis (purpose and each step):
Mitosis: a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two
genetically identical daughter cells.
