Dialysis Technician Exam Study Guide Questions Answered 100% correct

Dialysis Technician Exam Study Guide Questions Answered 100% correct Why is it important to know what caused your patient's CRF? Can be secondary to underlying disease What are signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance? Edema, hypertension, pulmonary edema What does hypertension lead to? Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Why is sodium balance important? HyperNatremia- High BP, fluid overload HypoNatremia- Low BP What are signs and symptoms of hyperKalemia? Muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm and numbness & Tingling and widening of EKG What are signs and symptoms of hypoKalemia? Dysrhythmias, fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis and respiratory failure Why are patients anemic? Lack of erythropoietin: hormones excreted by kidney How can you prevent blood loss? Return all blood from lines, access complication and watch signs of bleeding and clotting What is pericarditis? Inflammation of heart What would you advise for a patient who complains of dry, itchy skin? Lotion, rubi skin, take phosphate binders What is Peripheral neuropathy Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage, usually in hands and feet What are the four key elements affected in CKD-MBD? Calcium, phosphorus, calcitrol and parathyroid hormone What are symptoms of CKD-MBD in addition to bone disease? Severe itching, LVH, muscle weakness, bone pain and tendon ruptured What is your role in CKD-MBD? Encourage patient to take part in healthcare, report issues and medication and give hectorol What is ultrafiltration? Controlled fluid removal by manipulation of hydrostatic pressure (Fluid) What is convection? Solute started across semipermeable membrane along with fluid What is osmosis? Fluid moves from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration What is diffusion? The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. What are kidneys excretory functions? Fluid balance, electrolyte balance, waste removal and acid-base balance What are the kidneys endocrine functions? Excreting renin, erythropoiesis, calcitrate, activation of Vitamin D What the function of the acid concentrate? Helps balance electrolytes and glucose What is the function of bicarbonate? Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion. Buffers the acid to normal. Removal or replacement of electrolytes Why do we document in the medical record? Provides data continuity, proof the care was rendered and permanent legal record What does SMART stand for? Simple, meaningful, actual, read, teach What are the five W's to be used when completing an AOR? Who, what, where, what and where What are three things you should not include in an AOR? Personal opinions, diagnosis/speculations d vendettas What is an underlying assumptions of self-management? People who understand and take control of their condition will be healthier and happier What is the basic principle of self management? Dealing with the consequences of illness What is he define of health literacy? The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decision What are ways healthcare professional to contribute to a patient low health literacy? Let the patient in the driver seat; let them control the conversation What is the teach back method? Ask patient what you taught them What might be a sign that a patient cannot read very well? Giving excuses such as "I forgot my glasses" and "I'll read it when I get home" What are the educational tips for visual learners? Quiet surrounding, note taking, draw pictures and eye contact What are the educational tips for auditory learners? Words associations or mnemonics, read written notes out loud and repeat information What are the educational tips for for tactile learners? Frequent short breaks, role playing and hand on activities What is the 2-4-8 rule? 2 hours max uninterrupted 4 hours max per day 8 days minimum What does DARN stand for? Desire, ability, reason and need What are the three core communication skills to be used within the communication styles? Directing, following and guiding When should directing style be used? Giving instructions When should following style be used? Understand through listening When should guiding style be used? Elicits behavior change through patients own insight and motivations What does "R" in rule stands for? Righting reflex What does "U" in rule stand for? Understand your patients motivations What the "L" in rule stands for? Listen to your patient What does "E" in rule stands for? Empower your patients- let them make their own decision What does restating/ rephrasing mean? Repeat what patient said to confirm what they meant and what you heard What does deducing mean? Reflecting what patient feels or what they need What does summarizing mean? Recap note and conversation What makes dialysis patient more susceptible to HAIs? Kidney failure weakness both branches of a patient's immune system Why are dialysis patients at increased risk for acquiring a HAI at the facility? HD procedures require prolong access to patient's blood What are V tags and why are they important? CMS regulations and interpretive guidance related to infection control What is the most common infectious complication in hemodialysis patient? Bacterial vascular access infection What germ causes the most common infections in hemodialysis patients? MRSA, VRE and SA What is data collection? Measurements and vitals What's is assessments? Interpretation of data What BP readings error can be caused by an incorrect cuff size? Cuff size too small: False high BP Cuff size too large: False Low BP When is post-treatment assessment by the licensed nurse required? If an usual finding has been observe during treatment What indicates a positive peracetic acid presence test? Renalin Aluminum in water used for dialysis causes? Anemia, bone disease, N/V Chlorine in water used for hemodialysis causes? Hemolysis and Anemia Excess calcium and sodium in water used for dialysis causes? Hypertension Excess calcium and magnesium in water used for dialysis causes? Muscle weakness Water/Dialysate culture results? Acceptable: Below 50 cfu/ml Action: 50-199 cfu/ml Unacceptable: 200+ cfu/ml What removes Chlorine/Chloramines? Carbon tanks and filters What is an acceptable result for Chlorine and chloramine testing? 0.1 mg/l When do we test for hardness? End of each operating day What is removed in the harness testing? Calcium and magnesium What are three ways we can contribute to sodium loading during dialysis? Back filtration, normal saline, dietary intake What are the four consequences of sodium loading during dialysis? Thirst and increase and fluid intake, fluid overload, fluid weight gain and head ache What are the consequences if a patient is consistently hyperVolemia Hypertension, LVH, increase mortality rate and cardio vascular disease What are the consequences and risk of hypoVolemia during the treatment? Ischemia, and damage to vital organs and increased to mortality rate