AMCB Practice Exam 2023 Question Review Rated 100% Correct!!

AMCB Practice Exam 2023 Question Review Rated 100% Correct!! Latent Phase of Labor - Answer Onset of labor until cervical dilation reaches 4-6 m Long arc rotation - Answer Most commonly performed by babies beginning labor in LOP presentation FHR Variability: controlling system - Answer Parasympathetic/sympathetic nervous system Pudendal Anesthesia Administration - Answer Ideal timing to administer in multip women is at 8-9cm, just before complete dilation, to cover birth and repair Sudden fetal bradycardia in 2nd stage - Answer commonly caused by a vagal response in the fetus related to descent Engagement occurs when - Answer Widest diameter of the presenting part descends to or below the pelvic inlet The widest diameter of the fetal head is the biparietal diameter Iron Deficiency Labs - Answer Microcytic, hypochromic Low Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCHC, RBCs, iron, ferritin High TIBC High RDW Leg cramp in pregnancy relief - Answer Flexion of the foot Changes in respiratory system in pregnancy - Answer May cause increased chest diameter; thoracic circumference increases by 5-6cm and residual volume decreases polyhydramnios fetal etiology - Answer CNS or GI tract fetal anomalies Autosomal Recessive Trai - Answer Expressed only when both copies of the gene are the same; ex cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia Infant effects of maternal tobacco use - Answer IUGR, premature birth, and SGA Severe features of preeclampsia - Answer thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, and cerebral or visual symptoms Hemodynamic Changes in Initial Postpartum Period - Answer Elevated cardiac output for as long as 48 hours after birth; cardiac output increases 60-80% Placental transport of oxygen and glucose - Answer Transported across the placenta via facilitated diffusion Amniotic fluid production - Answer Produced by the amniotic epithelium; water transfers across the amnion and through the fetal skin -in the 2nd trimester, the fetus starts to swallow, urinate, and inspire amniotic fluid Trichomoniasis treatment in Pregnancy - Answer Metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 g PO x1 at any stage in pregnancy Ritgen maneuver - Answer Assist in delivery of the fetal head during extension Used to expedite the delivery of the fetal head when necessary It involves applying upward pressure from the coccygeal region to extend the head during actual delivery, thereby protecting the musculature of the perineum. Maternal breastfeeding contraindications - Answer HIV positive and untreated Active TB Illicit drug use Take prescribed chemotherapy agents Acrocyanosis - Answer Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet caused by reduced peripheral circulation. Normal within first 24-48 hours after birth Variable decelerations description - Answer Abrupt in nature Decrease in FHR from a baseline of >15BPM lasting >15 seconds but <2 min Anterior asynclitism - Answer exists when the sagittal suture is closer to the sacrum and the anterior parietal bone is presenting first Oligohydramnios fetal etiology - Answer Associated with genitourinary abnormalities in the fetus Midplane Definition/Elements - Answer Ischial spines distance and sacrum Distance b/w the ischial spines normally measures 10 cm Smallest diameter of the pelvis Chorionic Villi - Answer The chorionic villi develop from the outer wall of the blastocyst which establishes and intimate connection with the endometrium and gives rise to the placenta Blood in the chorionic villi pertains to the circulation of the fetus Umbilical Cord Vessels - Answer 2 arteries that carry fetal deoxygenated blood to the placenta, smaller in diameter 1 vein that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus; characterized by twisting or spiralizing Implantation - Answer Occurs 6-7 days after fertilization Usually in the upper posterior wall of the uterus Human zygote - Answer consists of haploid number of chromosomes; 23 pairs Possesses half the diploid or number of pairs of chromosomes, 46 pairs, found in somatic, or body cells Trophoblast - Answer The outer layer of cells that develops in the germinal period. These cells provide nutrition and support for the embryo. Ultimately becomes the placenta Drop in diastolic BP during normal pregnancy - Answer Lower in the first 2 trimesters because of the development of new vascular beds and the relaxation of peripheral tone by progesterone, which result in decreased flow resistance Nullipara - Answer women who has not carried a baby to 500g or 20 weeks Leopold's Maneuvers - Answer A series of four maneuvers designed to provide a systematic approach whereby the examiner may determine fetal presentation and position. -lie -presentation -position -attitude lactational amenorrhea method - Answer Contraception for breastfeeding women Most effective if patient is fully or nearly fully breastfeeding (i.e. avg q4hrs during the day and 6hrs at night), the infant is younger than 6 months, and the parents have not substituted solid foods into the infant's diet. Raynaud's phenomenon (w/ breastfeeding) - Answer Nipple color changes to purple or blanches, which may be unilateral or bilateral, when exposed to cold air Condition is also associated w/ severe pain - specifically a sharp, burning sensation d/t the vasospasm of the nipple after breastfeeding or when the nipples are exposed to cold air Postpartum Endometritis Treatment - Answer Gold standard treatment is clindamycin and gentamycin Lactogenesis I - Answer Beginning milk production; mid-pregnancy to day 2 postpartum. Cordocentesis - Answer Process in which a needle is introduced under real-time ultrasound through the maternal abdomen and then into the umbilical cord Blood is then aspirated or blood and/or medications are introduced into the fetus (fetal blood transfusion) Calories and Protein/Day for Pregnancy - Answer 2500 kcal/day and 60g/day of protein Mastitis - Answer inflammation of the mammary gland Symptoms include unilateral breast swelling and an erythematous area with a fever Amenorrhea evaluation - Answer Obtain a pregnancy test, serum prolactin level, and TSH test. -If all these tests are negative or normal, evaluate the availability of estrogen with a progestin challenge test. Provide oral progestin each day for 10 to 14 days, and then wait for bleeding, which should occur within 7 to 14 days. A positive progestin challenge test indicates adequate estrogen production and stimulation as well as no problem with outflow tract. placental abruption risk factors - Answer prior abruption,