Chap01, Chapter 1
Multiple Choice
1. Which statement best describes the difference between α1,4 and β1,4 glycosidic bonds
in polysaccharides?
A. α1,4 bonds hold riboses together; most β1,4 bonds hold glucoses together.
B. α1,4 bonds can be branched; most β1,4 bonds cannot .
C. α1,4 bonds can be broken by human enzymes; most β1,4 bonds cannot.
D. α1,4 bonds are found only in animals; most β1,4 bonds are found in plants.
E. α1,4 bonds are stronger than most β1,4 bonds.
Ans: C
Page: 20
2. Bacteria exist in our gut, despite the fact that one important function of our gut is to
digest biological materials. Which statement best explains this fact?
A. These bacteria secrete proteinases that degrade digestive enzymes.
B. These bacteria synthesize proteins from D amino acids instead of the more common L
amino acids.
C. These bacteria divide more rapidly than the proteinases can destroy them.
D. These bacteria are coated by a layer of -1,4 bonded polysaccharides.
E. These bacteria have less fluid membranes than human cells, preventing extracellular
proteinases access to their internal contents.
Ans: D
Page: 43
3. Monosaccharides are joined together to form (1,4) polysaccharides by:
,A. phosphorylation of monosaccharides to form glucose-6 phosphate, followed by
cleavage of ATP
B. a dehydration reaction joining the hydroxyl groups of the 1’ and 4’ carbons on two
monosaccharides
C. reduction of NAD+ to form NADH
D. a dehydration reaction joining an amino group and a carboxylic acid group on the 1’
and 4’ carbons of two monosaccharides
E. formation of a phosphodiester bond at the 1’ and 4’ carbons of two monosaccharides
Ans: B
Page: 19
4. Monosaccharides are joined together to form polysaccharides by:
A. phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6 phosphate, followed by cleavage of ATP
B. a dehydration reaction joining the carboxyl groups of two sugars
C. reduction of NAD+ to form NADH
D. a dehydration reaction joining an amino group and a carboxylic acid group on two
sugars
E. formation of a phosphoester bond at the 5’ carbons
Ans: B
Page: 19
5. Which of the following structures provides a selective barrier to the prokaryotic cell?
A. cell membrane
B. cytosol
C. ribosomes
D. nucleus
Ans: A
Page: 3
,6. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?
A. Bacteria and Eukarya
B. Bacteria and Archaea
C. Archaea and Eukarya
Ans: B
Page: 7
7. Which of the following terms pertain to prokaryotes?
A. nucleus
B. mitosis
C. nucleoid
D. biofilms
E. answers C and D
Ans: E
Page: 7
8. Which of the following organisms might be classified as extremophiles?
A. prokaryotes only
B. eukaryotes only
C. both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
D. neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes
Ans: A
Page: 7
9. In a single water molecule, the oxygen and hydrogen atoms are held together by a(n)
________ bond.
A. ionic
B. covalent
, C. hydrogen
D. peptide
Ans: B
Page: 10
10. The bond that holds two or more water molecules together is called a __________
bond.
A. ionic
B. covalent
C. hydrogen
D. peptide
Ans: C
Page: 10-11
11. Another word for hydrophobic is
A. polar
B. nonpolar
C. hydrophilic
Ans: B
Page: 12
12. An atom of carbon will form __________ single bonds with other atoms to get a
complete outer shell of electrons.
A. three covalent
B. four covalent
C. three ionic
D. four ionic
Ans: B
Page: 14
Multiple Choice
1. Which statement best describes the difference between α1,4 and β1,4 glycosidic bonds
in polysaccharides?
A. α1,4 bonds hold riboses together; most β1,4 bonds hold glucoses together.
B. α1,4 bonds can be branched; most β1,4 bonds cannot .
C. α1,4 bonds can be broken by human enzymes; most β1,4 bonds cannot.
D. α1,4 bonds are found only in animals; most β1,4 bonds are found in plants.
E. α1,4 bonds are stronger than most β1,4 bonds.
Ans: C
Page: 20
2. Bacteria exist in our gut, despite the fact that one important function of our gut is to
digest biological materials. Which statement best explains this fact?
A. These bacteria secrete proteinases that degrade digestive enzymes.
B. These bacteria synthesize proteins from D amino acids instead of the more common L
amino acids.
C. These bacteria divide more rapidly than the proteinases can destroy them.
D. These bacteria are coated by a layer of -1,4 bonded polysaccharides.
E. These bacteria have less fluid membranes than human cells, preventing extracellular
proteinases access to their internal contents.
Ans: D
Page: 43
3. Monosaccharides are joined together to form (1,4) polysaccharides by:
,A. phosphorylation of monosaccharides to form glucose-6 phosphate, followed by
cleavage of ATP
B. a dehydration reaction joining the hydroxyl groups of the 1’ and 4’ carbons on two
monosaccharides
C. reduction of NAD+ to form NADH
D. a dehydration reaction joining an amino group and a carboxylic acid group on the 1’
and 4’ carbons of two monosaccharides
E. formation of a phosphodiester bond at the 1’ and 4’ carbons of two monosaccharides
Ans: B
Page: 19
4. Monosaccharides are joined together to form polysaccharides by:
A. phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6 phosphate, followed by cleavage of ATP
B. a dehydration reaction joining the carboxyl groups of two sugars
C. reduction of NAD+ to form NADH
D. a dehydration reaction joining an amino group and a carboxylic acid group on two
sugars
E. formation of a phosphoester bond at the 5’ carbons
Ans: B
Page: 19
5. Which of the following structures provides a selective barrier to the prokaryotic cell?
A. cell membrane
B. cytosol
C. ribosomes
D. nucleus
Ans: A
Page: 3
,6. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?
A. Bacteria and Eukarya
B. Bacteria and Archaea
C. Archaea and Eukarya
Ans: B
Page: 7
7. Which of the following terms pertain to prokaryotes?
A. nucleus
B. mitosis
C. nucleoid
D. biofilms
E. answers C and D
Ans: E
Page: 7
8. Which of the following organisms might be classified as extremophiles?
A. prokaryotes only
B. eukaryotes only
C. both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
D. neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes
Ans: A
Page: 7
9. In a single water molecule, the oxygen and hydrogen atoms are held together by a(n)
________ bond.
A. ionic
B. covalent
, C. hydrogen
D. peptide
Ans: B
Page: 10
10. The bond that holds two or more water molecules together is called a __________
bond.
A. ionic
B. covalent
C. hydrogen
D. peptide
Ans: C
Page: 10-11
11. Another word for hydrophobic is
A. polar
B. nonpolar
C. hydrophilic
Ans: B
Page: 12
12. An atom of carbon will form __________ single bonds with other atoms to get a
complete outer shell of electrons.
A. three covalent
B. four covalent
C. three ionic
D. four ionic
Ans: B
Page: 14
