WGU C475 OA; Exam Questions With Correct Answers 2023/2024 (Graded A+)

When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the physician? providing medical management/clearance to resume sexual activity, oversight of medications (i.e prescribing ones to elicit sexual performance, decrease arousability, or monitor medications that might have side effects on sexual function), referring to specialists as needed When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the Nurse? implementing bowel/bladder management, provide education on medication side effect, assist in medical management, Edema management ( scrotal slings) When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the Psychologist? address psychosocial needs ( i.e body image, depression, anxiety, behavior management) When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the Case Manager? provide available resources for community programs for psychology, certified sex therapist, etc. When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the Nurse Aide? assisting nursing in bowel and bladder management, assisting of positioning of patients for skin integrity When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the Speech Therapist? doing what you do already! Working on swallowing, salvia management, oral motor control and communication When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the physical Therapist? addressing pelvic floor dysfunction, strength, endurance, balance, and advance mat mobility that can translate into positioning Define Low Vision vision loss that cannot be corrected by surgery, medications, glasses, or contacts What is the criteria for low vision? 20/70 or worse corrected acuity in best seeing eye What are some normal age-related changes in vision? -changes in support structures -decreased tear production - deficits with convergence - Loss of color sensitivity - Narrower field of vision - Difficulties with light and dark adaptation - Increased sensitivity to glare - Require increased light - Presbyopia What are some of the support structures in the eye that change as we age? Loss of subcutaneous fat Decreased tissue elasticity and tone Can make eyes appear sunken Deficits with convergence results in what? Results in poor eye coordination and difficulty focusing on objects What is convergence? the simultaneous inward moving of the eyes while viewing an object What is presbyopia? - referred to as old sight/old eye - Due to normal, age-related changes in the lens which loses elasticity - Results in deficits in accommodation - Requires bifocals or reading glasses for compensation All individuals begin to lose the ability to focus at near around what age? 40-45 Cataracts Literal translation is "waterfall" Clouding of the eye's lens that causes blurriness and loss of vision Highly treatable with cataract surgery- clouded lens is removed and replaced with a clear plastic one Frequently treated for older adults What is the leading cause of vision loss among Americans aged 65 and older? Age-Related Macular Degeneration Age-Related Macular Degeneration - Degenerative disease of the retina - Causes progressive loss of vision in the center of the eye - Dry and Wet types Retina inner most posterior part of the eyeball receives images produced by the lens and consists of several layers - one of which contains rods and cones that are sensitive to light dry type macular degeneration - accounts for 90% of cases - light-sensitive cells in the macula slowly break down, leading to a gradual loss of central vision wet type macular degeneration - caused by growth of abnormal blood vessels under the macula Diabetic Retinopathy - Condition in which diabetes causes blood vessels that feed the retina of the eye to break - May progress through 4 stages: Mild nonproliferative, Moderate nonproliferative, Severe nonproliferative, Proliferative More than ________ of Americans diagnosed with diabetes have some sort of diabetic retinopathy 30% What is the most common cause of vision loss among people with diabetes? Diabetic Retinopathy What is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults? Diabetic Retinopathy Glaucoma - Caused by build-up of pressure in the eye that damages the optic nerve which transmits impulses to the brain that create sight - Affects side/peripheral vision causing the edges of the visual field to fade. - Causes tunnel vision What are the clinical signs of low vision? - Reduced distance and near acuity - Reduced field of vision - Reduced contrast sensitivity - Reduced color recognition - Glare sensitivity - Scotomas What interventions can be used to help individuals with low vision? - Magnification - lighting - contrast - Assistive technology - decreased environmental stimuli - organization Visual Perceptual Processing: Identification of Oculomotor Control - Enables quick and accurate eye movements - Purpose: to achieve and maintain foveation of an object - Ensures that the object that the person wishes to view is focused on the fovea of both retinas Fovea a small depression in the retina of the eye where visual acuity is the highest Describe the treatment used for oculomotor deficits Tracking exercises Visual Perceptual Processing: Identification of Visual Fields Register visual scene and ensure CNS receives complete visual information Hemianopsia - visual field loss Describe the treatment used for visual field deficits - Activities which require scanning to affected side (ADL's with neglect-side placement) - Utilize auditory and tactile cues as necessary - Dynavision Visual Perceptual Processing: Identification of Visual Acuity - Ensures that the visual information sent to the CNS is accurate - Tested by a physician - Tested with the Snellen Chart - - 20/# Describe the treatment used for Visual Acuity deficits - Treated by a physician not OT's. We only treat low vision patients - Make sure your patient wears their glasses/contacts throughout treatment Visual Perceptual Processing: Identification of Visual Attention