Bio 1053 Exam 1, Biology Chapter 3 Pre-Quiz, Bio 111 Chapter 2- Essential Chemistry, BISC 002 Sec 1 Chap 3, Chapter 3-Question Bank, Final Review Exam 1

Bio 1053 Exam 1, Biology Chapter 3 Pre-Quiz, Bio 111 Chapter 2- Essential Chemistry, BISC 002 Sec 1 Chap 3, Chapter 3-Question Bank, Final Review Exam 1 In what ways is the science of biology related to our society? By helping us understand the genetics of our pets, examining the importance of biodiversity, and through the study of green energy. What is biology? the scientific study of life What functions are properties of life? Organisms take in energy and use it to perform life's activities, organisms reproduce their own kind, and living things exhibit complex but ordered organization. What are two main processes upon which ecosystems depend? Nutrient recycling and energy flow. Which substance is NOT recycled but rather lost from ecosystems? energy. Which structure can perform all the activities required for life? Cells. What name is given to the functional compartments of a cell? Organelles. Which concept was proposed by Darwin? Natural selection. Which of these is required for natural selection to occur? Inheritance, unequal reproductive success, individual variation. Science is... the inquiry-based effort to describe and explain nature. A hypothesis is... a proposed explanation for an observation. You try to start your car, but is does not start. Which of these is a prediction? A) My car's battery is dead. B) If I recharge the battery, then my car will start. B Which sequence shows the steps of the process of science in an order in which they might occur? exploration, hypothesis, prediction, experiment. How do hypotheses differ from theories? Theories are more comprehensive than hypotheses. The phrase "Most ecosystems are solar powered" refers to the fact that... solar energy is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis. ______ is an example of an element. Nitrogen. What are the four most common elements found in living organisms? carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen In order to have a positive charge, an atom must have... more protons than electrons All atoms of an element have the same number of... protons An atom's ______ are found in its nucleus neutrons and protons An atom with an electrical charge is an ion The bond between oppositely charged ions is an ______ bond ionic What type of bond is holding the two atoms? K + Br -> K+ + Br- -> KBr ionic What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons? covalent A single carbon atom can form a maximum of __ covalent bonds 4 monosaccharide + monosaccharide = ________ + water disaccharide table sugar is... sucrose, a disaccharide for good health, it is important to include ______ in our diets polysaccharides which molecule is an example of a polysaccharide? starch Plants use which molecule as an energy storing carbohydrate? starch cellulose os an example of a... polysaccharide A fat contains which molecular components? three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule saturated fats are saturated with... hydrogen what type of fatty acid has double bonds unsaturated Which substance is lowest in unsaturated fats? beef a fat that is completed hydrogenated would be... saturated and solid at room temperature which outcome is a health effect of a diet high in saturated fats? increased risk of heart attack Proteins are polymers constructed from _____ monomers amino acid Amino acids include a side group as well as _____ a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a carboxyl group A protein's function is dependent on environmental factors such as pH and temperature. What property of the protein itself dictates a protein's function? shape What is the main sugar found in milk? lactose glucose is to starch as ______ are to proteins amino acids Which is a function of the plasma membrane? regulate traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______. phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane The endomembrane system includes ________ Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, one would expect to find a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in ______ cells liver functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ________ lipid synthesis and drug detoxification transport vesicles move proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to what other organelle golgi apparatus which is a function of the golgi apparatus protein modification Which parts of a cell are most like the shipping center of a company? the golgi apparatus digestion of organic matter inside the cell takes place in what organelle? lysosome during a race such as a marathon, the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy to continually contract and power your muscles. what organelle is most likely abundant in skeletal muscle cells? mitochondria cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ______ stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP Energy can be defined as ______ the capacity to cause change Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example the sperm are changing _______ energy into ________ energy chemical energy into kinetic energy What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? ATP ATP energizes other molecules in cells by transferring a _______ to those molecules phosphate group anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely result in... death the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called metabolism in animals, individual cells are grouped into... tissues