WGU C182 Objective Assessment ACTUAL EXAM 2023

WGU C182 Objective Assessment ACTUAL EXAM 2023 1. First users were the engineers who built and programmed computers, then employees who had received specialized training were users, and now today, anyone and everyone can be a user.: Evolution of Users 2. Sends files over the network at the request of clients. Responds over LAN, within one location/site. Support both application software and data files.: FILE SERVER 3. Turns a user-friendly domain name, like G, into an Internet Protocol (IP) address like ((( 70.42.251.42 ))) that computers use to identify each other on the network.: Domain Name Server (DNS) 4. Uses TWO KEYS a public and private key for performing encryption and decryption: Public Key Encryption 5. PROVING you are who you say you are which can be done by: what you know, what you have!: Authentication 6. TIER WHERE THE USER interface for the system is developed; SHIELDS THE USER from the underlying logic of the systems as well as the underlying data structures: Presentation Tier 7. SYSTEMS DEPLOYMENT Steps 1. System Conversion 2. Final Documentation 3. End User Training: System Deployment 8. CONNECTS MULTIPLES networks together; can be used to directly connect computers to a network; will relay messages to computers with APPROPRIATE IP ADDRESS: ROUTER 9. Requires that data is KEPT secure so that they are not accidentally provided or obtained by unauthorized users: Confidentiality 10. Protecting EVERY LAYER that SURROUNDS ((( DATA ))): Defense in Depth 11. Can take on DIFFERENT FORMS depending on the complexity of the application; in certain instances, it is AN ACTUAL OBJECT that is an ACTUAL IMPLEMENTATION of the application: THE MODEL 12. Creates a subset of the data by reducing the data from multiple dimensions to one dimension: Slicing Data 13. The technology used in creating, maintaining, and making information accessible.: Information Technology 14. In charge of all aspects of the COMPUTER NETWORKS: Network Administrator 1 / 9 WGU C182 Objective Assessment 15. Focuses on the design, development, and support of DATABASE MANAGEMENT systems (DBMSs).: Database Administrator 16. Installs, configures, maintains, secures, and troubleshoots web severs: - Web Administrator 17. Processed data.: Information 18. INFORMATION THAT HAS BEEN PUT TO USE information placed into a context. Refined information such that the user of the knowledge is able to call forth only relevant portions of information when needed.: Knowledge in DIKW 19. Provides a social setting to knowledge; AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ((( WHY ))) Can only come by having BOTH KNOWLEDGE and EXPERIENCE: - WISDOM 20. The INPUT Processing, OUTPUT, STORAGE Cycle: I.P.O.S. 21. Raw data is organized or structured for usefulness.: PROCESSED DATA 22. Information is output so user can see results.: OUTPUT DATA 23. Processed information is stored for permanent record.: STORAGE 24. A collection of components that work together to meet the needs of the user; typically : CATEGORIZED AS EITHER HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, NETWORKS AND USERS: COMPUTER SYSTEM 25. Physical components of a computer system which include the system unit and its components and peripheral devices; TANGIBLE ASPECTS OF THE COMPUTER: HARDWARE 26. A collection of computers and resources CONNECTED by various media so that they can COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER.: NETWORK 27. Systems Software and Applications Software: SOFTWARE CATEGORIES 28. RULES provided by WHICH NETWORKS communicate with each other: IP PROTOCOL 29. STORES the programs BEING EXECUTED and the data they are using.: - COMPUTER MEMORY 30. Controls THE SPEED at which instructions are processed.: SYSTEM CLOCK 31. Stands for Random Access Memory. It temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen or printer. IT IS VOLATILE (means data 2 / 9 WGU C182 Objective Assessment or information stored disappears when the computer is turned off or loses power).: RAM 32. Transistor components, magnetic core memory, smaller size, easier to program, disk drives and drums, called mainframe computers: 2nd Generation of Computers 33. Silicon chips (known as ICs - integrated circuits), reduced cost, called mini computers, networks introduced via dumb terminals: 3rd Generation of Computers 34. Written for a specific machine by the engineers who built and ran the computers; no need for OS since only one program could run at a time: Low-level Language 35. Easier than machine but still required detailed, precise LOW LEVEL instructions: Assembly Language 36. Function is to TRANSLATE ONE LANGUAGE TO ANOTHER; take source code and convert it to another form; source code by itself cannot be read by a computer: Language Translator Programs 37. Programmer is limited to high level control constructs such as while loops, for loops, and if/else statements and not allowed to use primitive GOTO statements: Structured Programming 38. A type of programming language for which most of its implementations EXECUTES INSTRUCTIONS DIRECTLY AND FREELY, without previously compiling a program into machine-language instructions.: Interpreted Language (Code) 39. Small programs that place Linux commands or DOS batch files into a file: Shell Scripting 40. The computer that the user is using; physically present with: Local Computer 41. Connects computers to each other with NO REAL UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT IS BEING TRANSFERRED Used for private networks with local computers.: Network Hub 42. Like a hub, but this will only send data that is INTENDED FOR SPECIFIC COMPUTER: Network Switch 43. Can be connected to hub, switch, or router; many routers now also act as a wireless access point; sends out a wireless signal so computers on the network can connect without a cable: Wireless Access Point 3 / 9 WGU C182 Objective Assessment Study online at 44. Contains one or more servers; client is a computer that will request information from another computer; server is a computer that takes requests and responds with the requested information; the software used facilitates communication with remote servers: Client-server Network 45. Stores data files (web pages) and programs (scripts). Responds from anywhere on the Internet.: Web Server 46. Monitors print jobs: Print Server 47. Like web server or file server in that REQUEST ARE FILES and RESPONDED ARE THE FILES data delivered between client and server.: FTP Server 48. Devices connected along a SINGLE CABLE Size of network is restricted- : Bus Network 49. Each device is connected to a CENTRAL DEVICE such as a hub or switch.: Star Network 50. Each device is connected DIRECTLY TO ITS NEIGHBOR and messages are forwarded from device to device until the proper destination is reached.- : Ring Network 51. Every device is connected directly to every other device in the network.- : Mesh Network 52. Identifies the server on which the web page can be found: Domain Name 53. Always ends with a period and a THREE or TWO LETTER EXTENSION which signifies the TYPE of organization or country associated with the page: TLD (Top Level Domain) Name Exam: .edu .net . gov .org 54. Indicates the name of the file you are accessing, or the location of the document on the server: Resource/ Filename ID 55. Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability: CIA 56. 1st - Must include a component that ensures the accuracy of the collected data 2nd - Must be entered into the system accurately 3rd - Data modification must be tracked: Data Integrity Efforts 57. 1. Identify the organization's information assets 2. Identify vulnerabilities of each asset 3. Determine threats 4. Prioritizing risks 5. Develop and enact policies that will reduce threats: Risk Management & Strategic Risk Analysis 58. An attacker issues a SQL command to a web server as part of the URL or as input to a form on a company's website; web server might pass the 4 / 9 WGU C182 Objective Assessment Study online at command onto the database which then allows potentially anything to be done to the database: SQL Injection 59. Placing malicious code into the buffer so that it can be executed once stored in memory; oldest and most well known software exploit; software engineers can protect against this when writing code: Buffer Overflow 60. Informs companies of potential problems with software HACK ATTACKS so companies can fix the problems.: White Hat Hacker 61. Individuals with MALICIOUS INTENT WHO VIOLATE SECURITY in order to commit crimes or acts of terrorism: Black Hat Hacker 62. Engage in BOTH WHITE and BLACK hat types of hacking activities: Grey Hat Hacker 63. Type of virus that completely replaces an existing application and takes the name of the taken over file: Trojan Horse 64. Attempts to identify if a file contains a virus or some form of malware: - Anti-virus Software 65. Ensures proper storage of data by providing a means so that data is available even when storage devices are damaged or offline: Data Redundancy 66. Uses the same key for performing the encryption and decryption: Symmetric Key Encryption 67. Ensures that the user gains access only to the resources that the user should be able to access: Role-based Access Control 68. 1. Cost savings benefits 2. Increased efficiency and productivity 3. Increased facilitation of communication: Computer Network Advantages 69. Consists of programs that END USERS RUN to accomplish tasks: Application Software 70. Consists of programs that MAKE UP THE OS software that directly supports the computer system itself: System Software 71. Works with hardware to provide a NETWORK SERVICE: Server Software 72. A LAN that uses the Internet Protocol: Intranet 73. Core components of the OS that is loaded when the computer is first booted.: Kernel 74. An interface for the user, often personalized for that given user, that provides access to the kernel.: Shell 5 / 9 WGU C182 Objective Assessment Study online at 75. Administration and Support: IT Professional Roles 76. Maintains all aspects of the system including hardware, software, and programming.: System Administrator 77. Installs, configures, and administers firewall security to protect systems and proactively work to stop intrusions.: Security Administrator 78. Help desk and training.: Support IT Professionals 79. Defines the transition of data to information from knowledge to wisdom. (Data Information Knowledge Wisdom): DIKW Hierarchy 80. The input directly received by the user (or computer). It is generally not usable until it has been converted into a relevant form.: Data in DIKW 81. Having been inferred from data; one or more processes have been applied to the data to transform it into a more useful form.: Information in DIKW 82. A collection of data and information used to support the management of an organization. Also refers to the technical components and human resources that enable the assembly, storage, and processing of data and the delivery of information. This has existed for a lot longer than computers.: Information Systems 83. RELEVANCE - the data being used must apply directly to the decision being made TIMELY - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely manner THOROUGH - the data must be complete ACCURATE - data should be captured only once, where possible and should be captured as close to the point of activity as possible. RELIABLE - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection processes across collections points and over time: Characteristics of Quality Data 84. Raw data is entered BY THE USER: Input 85. COMPUTER PROGRAMS that tell the computer what to do--how to execute commands and process information: Software 86. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Most commonly used protocol; is required of all computers that communicate over the Internet.: - TCP/IP 87. A collection of protocols. TCP/IP is an example.: Protocol Stack 88. CPU, Memory and Storage, Peripheral Devices: Components of a Computer 89. Executes programs' instructions and commands various components in the computer. Referred to as the "chip".: CPU 6 / 9 WGU C182 Objective Assessment Study online at 90. All peripheral devices where long term storage devices are used.: i/o Subsystem 91. Permits information to move between each component; electrical channels that enable communication among the electronic components: System Bus 92. Critical component of all computer based systems; consists of most of the hardware the computer needs in order to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes.: System Unit 93. Case, Internal Bays, Buses, Ports, Hard Drive, Motherboard, CPU, CPU Cooler, Memory Module (RAM), Power Supply Unit (PSU), Expansion Slots/Cards: Internal Components of the System Unit 94. Control Unit (CU) - retrieves the instructions and the raw data that is input and coordinates or controls the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - does the actual processing of the data; completing mathematical calculations and logical operations to process the data and converting the input of the keyboard text entry to output displayed on the screen: Parts of the CPU 95. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) - typically called main memory Static RAM (SRAM) - cache memory and registers: Types of RAM 96. BIOS stands for: Basic Input Output System; ROM stands for Read Only Memory. Typically stored in ROM chip on the motherboard. Is software NOT hardware, ("basic" operating system that runs when the computer is first turned on). Runs tests of memory and the CPU and initializes hardware components so that the actual Operating System can be loaded from the hard disk. Can't choose the amount or contents.: BIOS ROM 97. Vacuum tubes, relay switches, the need to program in machine language- : 1st Generation of Computers 98. Single chip processor, called microcomputer, first personal computer, rudimentary computer graphics, home use: 4th Generation of Computers 1971 - 1980. 99. Doubling of transistor count roughly every 18 - 24 months (exponential increase): Moore's Law 100. Punch cards, magnetic tape, hard disks, floppy disks, optical discs, flash memory, cloud storage: Evolution of Storage 7 / 9 WGU C182 Objective Assessment Study online at 101. Improve language translator; requires that the components of the software all be defined before compilation can begin; code is more efficient: - Compiler 102. Characterized by the creation of windowed operating systems, easier real-world object modeling in programming code, and the application of inheritance in program code.: Object Oriented Programming 103. A computer being accessed over the network: Remote Computer 104. Requires that a full pathway, or circuit, be established before transmission can begin and maintained during the entire transmission; like calling someone on the phone: Circuit Switched Network 105. A message's pathway is only established as it is sent; the choice of pathway is based on availability and amount of message traffic: Packet Switched Network 106. Creates and maintains client network connections to remote servers: - Workstations 107. A software emulator program that permits a computer user to use multiple computers and multiple platforms without the expense of purchasing multiple computers; allows a user to run software for different OS platform in their computer that would not otherwise be able to run that software; this allows multiple users on a network to access the software to support collaboration.: Virtual Machine (VM) 108. Responds to queries by pulling from the database. Typically only to local clients.: Database Server 109. Two email servers communicate with each other: Mail Server 110. Link between two resources; links two routers without any host or network in between: Point-to-Point Network 111. Protocol, Domain name, Resource/Filename: Parts of URL (Uniform Resource Locator) 112. Requires that data is correct: Integrity 113. Requires that information is available when needed: Availability 114. Public - available through public sources; includes names and addresses Sensitive - not considered a threat to a person's privacy if others learn of it; include email addresses Private - information that could be a threat if disclosed to others; includes social security and credit card numbers Confidential - information that an organization will keep secret; includes 8 / 9 WGU C182 Objective Assessment Study online at patentable information and business plans: Information Security Classifications