Nursing theory Final - Renal/Orthopedic questions with correct answers

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Answer Occurs quickly after an acute insult to the kidneys (hours or days) Reversible with early treatment Results in decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and oliguria Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD or ESRD) - Answer Progressive, permanent, irreversible damage to kidneys leading to failure of both kidneys Results in azotemia Build-up of uremic waste products Requires dialysis or kidney transplant for survival causes of acute kidney injury - Answer Hypovolemia Hypotension Reduced cardiac output and heart failure Obstruction of the kidney(s) or lower urinary tract Obstruction/stenosis of renal arteries or veins Clinical manifestations of AKI - Answer Initiation Phase: initial insult, BUN and CR increase; decreased u/o Maintenance Phase: oliguria (u/o 400ml or less) Fluid Volume Excess Waste Product Accumulation Sodium Balance