, Chapter 1
Introducing Psychology
SECTION 1
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1. Your textbook defines psychology as which of the following?
a. The science of behavior
b. The study of mental processes
c. The study of mental disorders and their treatment
d. The science of mind and behavior
Answer: d; Moderate
2. Allanah has declared psychology as her major. Which of the following alternatives best
identifies what Allanah will study?
a. Mental processes
b. Mind and behavior
c. Psychological disorders and their treatment
d. The development of the individual
Answer: b; Moderate
3. Barry states that psychology is the study of the mind. Candace states that psychology is
the science of behavior. How might you evaluate these two statements?
a. Barry’s definition is correct. Candace’s definition is incorrect.
b. Barry’s definition is incorrect. Candace’s definition is correct.
c. Barry’s definition is too broad. Candace’s definition is correct.
d. Both statements are partially correct.
Answer: d; Moderate
4. What, if anything, unites psychology?
a. All psychologists are committed to the scientific method.
b. All psychologists conduct research.
c. All psychologists focus on measuring behavior.
d. All psychologists use the same theoretical approach in studying mind and behavior.
Answer: a; Moderate
5. Creating knowledge is to using knowledge as is to .
a. psychologist-practitioner; research psychologist
b. psychologist-practitioner; experimental psychologist
c. research psychologist; psychologist-practitioner
d. research psychologist; experimental psychologist
Answer: c; Moderate
6. Dr. Estevez is a cognitive psychologist. Dr. Francis is a school psychologist. Dr.
Gigliotti is a counseling psychologist. Which of these individuals is most likely a
research psychologist?
,a. Both Dr. Francis and Dr. Gigliotti are likely research psychologists.
b. None of these individuals is likely a research psychologist.
c. Dr. Gigliotti is most likely a research psychologist.
d. Dr. Estevez is most likely a research psychologist.
Answer: d; Difficult
7. Which of the following is the best definition of the hindsight bias?
a.The ability to remember the past.
b.The ability to remember the past more than the present.
c.The ability to understand the causes of complex events.
d.The tendency to think that we could have predicted things that we probably would not
have been able to predict.
Answer: d; Moderate
8. Which of the following best describes the “everyday research” that we all perform when
we try to understand thoughts and behavior?
a. It is usually accurate.
b. It is never accurate
c. It can lead us to believe that we know the causes of things when we really do not
d. It is performed very rarely
Answer: c; Moderate
9. One morning, Alan wakes to the news that a powerful earthquake occurred in California.
“I told you the big one would hit this year!” he exclaims. Alan appears subject to the
bias.
a. cognitive
b. hindsight
c. predictive
d. foresight
Answer: b; Easy
10. Dr. Harris is describing the assumptions, rules, and procedures that psychologists use to
gather observations. Dr. Harris is outlining the method.
a. deductive
b. psychological
c. rational
d. scientific
Answer: d; Easy
11. The set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical
research. This statement best describes
a. data
b. empiricism
c. the scientific method
d. the hindsight bias
Answer: c; Easy
, 12. Personal statements are to objective statements as are to .
a. facts; values
b. theories; facts
c. values; theories
d. values; facts
Answer: d; Easy
13. “History is the most fundamental of all the humanities,” lectures a professor early in the
semester. In your textbook’s terms, the professor’s statement is a .
a. theory
b. value
c. fact
d. rule
Answer: b; Easy
14. Based on your text’s discussion, which of the following alternatives best expresses the
relationship between facts and values?
a. Research can sometimes provide facts that can help people develop their values.
b. Values are more important than facts.
c. Facts and values are independent of each other.
d. Facts and values are often indistinguishable.
Answer: a; Moderate
15. Regarding science, which of the following statements is most accurate?
a. Science is completely objective.
b. Science is not at all objective.
c. Values affect science.
d. Science is value-free.
Answer: c; Moderate
16. Your textbook describes a study in which participants preferred tea whose name
contained the first 3 letters of their own name 64% of time, and tea whose name
contained the first three letters of their experimental partner’s name 36% of the time. If
unconscious preferences had no effect on behavior then participants should have chosen
the tea whose name included the first three letters of their name what percent of the time?
a. 75
b. 33
c. 25
d. 50
Answer: d; Easy
17. Which of the following sequences correctly orders the level of explanation in
psychology, from the lowest to the highest?
a. social/cultural ; interpersonal; biological
b. interpersonal ; social/cultural; biological
Introducing Psychology
SECTION 1
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1. Your textbook defines psychology as which of the following?
a. The science of behavior
b. The study of mental processes
c. The study of mental disorders and their treatment
d. The science of mind and behavior
Answer: d; Moderate
2. Allanah has declared psychology as her major. Which of the following alternatives best
identifies what Allanah will study?
a. Mental processes
b. Mind and behavior
c. Psychological disorders and their treatment
d. The development of the individual
Answer: b; Moderate
3. Barry states that psychology is the study of the mind. Candace states that psychology is
the science of behavior. How might you evaluate these two statements?
a. Barry’s definition is correct. Candace’s definition is incorrect.
b. Barry’s definition is incorrect. Candace’s definition is correct.
c. Barry’s definition is too broad. Candace’s definition is correct.
d. Both statements are partially correct.
Answer: d; Moderate
4. What, if anything, unites psychology?
a. All psychologists are committed to the scientific method.
b. All psychologists conduct research.
c. All psychologists focus on measuring behavior.
d. All psychologists use the same theoretical approach in studying mind and behavior.
Answer: a; Moderate
5. Creating knowledge is to using knowledge as is to .
a. psychologist-practitioner; research psychologist
b. psychologist-practitioner; experimental psychologist
c. research psychologist; psychologist-practitioner
d. research psychologist; experimental psychologist
Answer: c; Moderate
6. Dr. Estevez is a cognitive psychologist. Dr. Francis is a school psychologist. Dr.
Gigliotti is a counseling psychologist. Which of these individuals is most likely a
research psychologist?
,a. Both Dr. Francis and Dr. Gigliotti are likely research psychologists.
b. None of these individuals is likely a research psychologist.
c. Dr. Gigliotti is most likely a research psychologist.
d. Dr. Estevez is most likely a research psychologist.
Answer: d; Difficult
7. Which of the following is the best definition of the hindsight bias?
a.The ability to remember the past.
b.The ability to remember the past more than the present.
c.The ability to understand the causes of complex events.
d.The tendency to think that we could have predicted things that we probably would not
have been able to predict.
Answer: d; Moderate
8. Which of the following best describes the “everyday research” that we all perform when
we try to understand thoughts and behavior?
a. It is usually accurate.
b. It is never accurate
c. It can lead us to believe that we know the causes of things when we really do not
d. It is performed very rarely
Answer: c; Moderate
9. One morning, Alan wakes to the news that a powerful earthquake occurred in California.
“I told you the big one would hit this year!” he exclaims. Alan appears subject to the
bias.
a. cognitive
b. hindsight
c. predictive
d. foresight
Answer: b; Easy
10. Dr. Harris is describing the assumptions, rules, and procedures that psychologists use to
gather observations. Dr. Harris is outlining the method.
a. deductive
b. psychological
c. rational
d. scientific
Answer: d; Easy
11. The set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical
research. This statement best describes
a. data
b. empiricism
c. the scientific method
d. the hindsight bias
Answer: c; Easy
, 12. Personal statements are to objective statements as are to .
a. facts; values
b. theories; facts
c. values; theories
d. values; facts
Answer: d; Easy
13. “History is the most fundamental of all the humanities,” lectures a professor early in the
semester. In your textbook’s terms, the professor’s statement is a .
a. theory
b. value
c. fact
d. rule
Answer: b; Easy
14. Based on your text’s discussion, which of the following alternatives best expresses the
relationship between facts and values?
a. Research can sometimes provide facts that can help people develop their values.
b. Values are more important than facts.
c. Facts and values are independent of each other.
d. Facts and values are often indistinguishable.
Answer: a; Moderate
15. Regarding science, which of the following statements is most accurate?
a. Science is completely objective.
b. Science is not at all objective.
c. Values affect science.
d. Science is value-free.
Answer: c; Moderate
16. Your textbook describes a study in which participants preferred tea whose name
contained the first 3 letters of their own name 64% of time, and tea whose name
contained the first three letters of their experimental partner’s name 36% of the time. If
unconscious preferences had no effect on behavior then participants should have chosen
the tea whose name included the first three letters of their name what percent of the time?
a. 75
b. 33
c. 25
d. 50
Answer: d; Easy
17. Which of the following sequences correctly orders the level of explanation in
psychology, from the lowest to the highest?
a. social/cultural ; interpersonal; biological
b. interpersonal ; social/cultural; biological
