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what are the six steps to the scientific method? 1. state problem/question 2. gather information 3. form hypothesis 4. perform experiment 5. record/analyze data 6. conclusion dependent variable variable being measured independent variable variable the scientist changes controlled variables/constants variables that stay the same control group group that serves as a standard of comparison experimental group only one aspect is changed what are the six elements that most living things are composed of? (CHNOPS) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur macromolecules compounds that join together to form polymers active site region where enzyme and substrate bind what two conditions might denature an enzyme? how? 1. temperature.. makes the reaction faster, then stops it 2. pH.. might exceed limit what are the function(s) of carbohydrates? energy what are the function(s) of lipids? long term energy storage what are the function(s) of proteins? move blood, antibodies, etc. what are the function(s) of nucleic acids? make proteins.. directions on cell division what compound is a starch? carbohydrate what compound is RNA? nucleic acid what compound are fats? lipids what compound are enzymes? proteins who first developed the microscope? robert hook cells smallest living unit of life what is the cell theory? 1. all living things are composed of two or more cells 2. cells are the most basic unit of life 3. all cells come from pre-existing cells prokaryotic NO membrane bound organelles, unicellular eukaryotic contains membrane bound organelles, unicellular and multicellular what do all cells have? cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleic acid, and ribosomes nucleus "brain" of cell.. contains DNA/RNA and controls the cell nuclear envelope membrane that surrounds the nucleus cytoplasm semi-fluid material inside the cell that supports the organelles cell/plasma membrane encloses the cell, regulates materials in/out, provides protection and support mitochondria "powerhouse" .. site of cellular respiration (ENERGY) lysosome *animal cell only .. "trash can" .. contains enzymes that digest materials for the cell vacuole *animal cell only .. temporary storage of water, salt, proteins, and/or carbohydrates ribosomes site of protein synthesis endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network that transports materials around cell rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not contain ribosomes golgi apparatus body "UPS" of cell .. modify, collect, package, and send out protein cilia short, hair-like projections for movement flagella whip-like projection for movement