Answer Key
to Test Bank
Unit 1: General Principles receptors are located on a cellular level; hence, “cell
surface” is correct.
Chapter 1: Introduction To Pharmacology
4. a
1. d Rationale: The liver is the site of most drug metabo-
Rationale: Pharmacodynamics is the only correct lism. The text does explain that some drug metabo-
choice (although it has even more defining charac- lism occurs in the plasma, kidneys, within cells, at
teristics than listed here) because of the definitions synapses, and within nerves, but none of these are
of the other choices. Pharmacy is the practice of dis- major sites of metabolism in comparison.
pensing medications that are intended to improve the 5. c
health status of patients, pharmacology is the study Rationale: Most drugs are acted upon by enzymes
of drugs and their actions and effects, and toxicology for conversion to metabolic derivatives during me-
is the study of poisons and poisonings. tabolism. This process of biotransformation occurs
2. c mostly in the liver. Amino acids and extracellular
Rationale: Blood is routinely sampled to character- fluid are not discussed in the text in this capacity, and
ize a drug’s pharmacological actions. Serum is incor- receptors are specific proteins that function at the cel-
rect because it is just a part of what makes up blood, lular level.
urine is not often used for this purpose, and mucus is 6. d
not used at all in this manner. Rationale: The site of action in regards to the fac-
3. b tors that control drug concentration is important
Rationale: Most receptors are located on the cell sur- for pharmacy technicians to understand. Although
face. The other choices (muscles, skin, and nerves) toxic and therapeutic levels of a drug are important
are all made up of cells, but the text explains where to know, they are parameters for administration
Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. 275
, that are easily referenced. Drug concentration in the 14. b
blood circulation is not as critical as the site of the Rationale: Cytochrome P-450 is the only enzyme
drug’s action because most drugs act systemically and among these choices; hence, the others cannot be cor-
are found in varying amounts through the circula- rect answers.
tory pathways. The site of action focuses on what the 15. a
drug’s intended effects should be in the intended area Rationale: A drug is the name given to any substance
of the body. intended to improve a physiologic or pathologic con-
7. c dition. A solution is simply one form of a drug. A
Rationale: Body surface area is a critical tool in cal- dose is the amount of a drug given, and a compound
culating pediatric dosages because it gives the best is a mixture of substances.
overall accuracy when determining how much of 16. b
a drug to administer. Height is a component of a Rationale: Other ingredients mixed with a drug to
child’s size, but it is not used by itself in determining create a “medicine” are focused primarily on ensur-
dosages; gender is never used for this purpose in chil- ing the medicine’s stability. Its effectiveness is con-
dren; and metabolism is only taken into account for trolled by the amount of active ingredient(s), not
drug dosages in the case of extremely specific condi- by the other ingredients mixed with it. Its color and
tions, such as whether the child has a kidney or liver odor are not important considerations in a medicine’s
disease. desired effectiveness, but stability most definitely is.
8. c 17. c
Rationale: The first-pass effect greatly affects drug Rationale: A sugar pill may be used as a placebo and
action and metabolism. Because the GI tract includes often has proven effective because the patient believes
the stomach and intestines, it is not a focused answer; that it will help his or her condition. Diet pills are
the intestines are simply part of the GI tract; and not usually made of sugar. Experimental dosages are
toxic drug action is just a type of drug action and medications in amounts that are being tested—not
thus is not a correct choice. just sugar. Although sugar is a component of energy
9. a pills, it is not a key ingredient in them, and energy
Rationale: The blood flow is the most important pills are not referred to as sugar pills.
factor here in distributing a drug to various organs. 18. d
Hepatic portal circulation concerns primarily the Rationale: When a person’s body cannot function
liver. Distribution is not a focused answer. “Reac- properly without a drug that has been used before,
tions” is incorrect because it is not an accurate word the person has become tolerant to it. Addiction refers
to be used in this scenario. to someone who psychologically or physically craves
10. d a drug for stimulation. Allergies to a drug produce
Rationale: Dissolving is the only correct answer for negative responses to its use. A body cannot become
all drugs; they cannot be absorbed unless dissolved “kinetic” to a drug.
first. Not all drugs must be diluted or compounded, 19. b
and some drugs are absorbed without circulating. Rationale: Systemic availability is directly influ-
11. b enced by pharmaceutical factors and GI absorption.
Rationale: Ionized drugs must pass through the The bloodstream and cells are, of course, eventually
blood–brain barrier to be absorbed, making their dis- affected by a drug, but absorption begins in the GI
tribution more difficult. The intestinal wall, blood- tract. Excretion rate is not a factor influencing sys-
stream, and heart are incorrect choices because all temic availability.
of these do not necessarily affect the distribution of 20. b
ionized drugs. Rationale: The stomach is acidic only. Thus, phys-
12. d iochemical is not applicable. Basic and alkaline are
Rationale: Timing is everything regarding epineph- opposites of acidity; hence, they cannot be correct.
rine and anaphylactic shock. Waiting until shock 21. c
begins before administering epinephrine endangers Rationale: Because this question refers to an empty
the patient greatly, as would waiting until 24 hours stomach and “some” medications, “will always
have elapsed. It does not matter where epinephrine cause vomiting because of” and “will always cause
is administered as long as it is administered quickly cramps because of” cannot apply because they con-
enough. tain the word “always.” An empty stomach does not
13. a decrease the rate of absorption. The correct choice is
Rationale: Knowledge of a patient’s allergies is criti- “increases” because absorption takes place more
cal before administering a drug. All the other choices quickly when the stomach does not also contain food.
are not critical determinants in the safety of most 22. d
drugs; therefore, “allergies” is the only completely Rationale: Orally administered drugs are usually
correct answer. absorbed in the upper GI tract. They are not usually
276 Answer Key to Test Bank Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
, still intact by the time they reach the lower GI tract. generally used to establish a control group when
The esophagus simply passes them down into studying a drug’s effects.
the stomach, and the pharynx is where they are 30. c
swallowed. Rationale: Directly injected drugs bypass the pro-
23. c cess of absorption and are distributed throughout
Rationale: Hepatic portal circulation carries blood the body. Their rate of excretion is not generally as
directly to the liver. The other choices are incorrect important as their absorption and distribution rates.
because biochemical pathways do not refer specifi- Directly injected drugs are often metabolized more
cally to the liver, “renal” refers to the kidneys, and quickly, not slowly. Directly injected drugs are often
“lymphatic” refers to the lymph nodes and lymphatic available in a ready-to-be-injected solution, requiring
system. no reconstitution.
24. a
Rationale: Women are more likely to experience
Chapter 2: Law and Ethics of Medications
adverse drug reactions. This is primarily because av-
erage adult dosages are calculated based on a 150- 1. b
lb body weight, and many women weigh less than Rationale: Amphetamines and codeine are usually
this amount; also, they often absorb drugs more listed as Schedule II drugs, although specific prod-
quickly than men because of higher amounts of body ucts containing smaller quantities of Schedule II
fat. The other choices are not focused enough to be substances—usually combined with noncontrolled
correct. “Men” is an incorrect choice because they substances—are listed as Schedule III or IV.
absorb drugs more slowly than women; “children” 2. a
and “elderly adults” include males and females and Rationale: Most states guarantee licensure for 1 to
therefore cannot be completely correct. 2 years. Continuing education must be undertaken
25. c so pharmacists and pharmacy technicians remain on
Rationale: A cumulative effect occurs when a dose is the cutting edge of new advancements in their prac-
given before the last one has been metabolized and tice. This relatively short period of licensure (before
excreted. Idiosyncratic reactions are unexpected reac- having to become relicensed) helps to ensure better
tions to a drug. Tolerance and cross-tolerance refer quality of skills, abilities, and continuing growth of
to the body becoming used to a drug and then need- knowledge.
ing it to remain in a state of normalcy. 3. d
26. c Rationale: OSHA is the regulatory agency that in-
Rationale: Pharmacology deals with prescription, spects medical facilities and requires compliance
legal, over-the-counter, and illegal drugs. Generic with the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. The other
drugs are included in the terms prescription and agencies listed focus on different types of regulatory
illegal; hence, this answer is not specific enough. activities.
Legend drugs are the same as prescribed schedule 4. c
drugs—again, not a focused answer. Experimental Rationale: Drug legislation in the United States
drugs are those being researched and not yet on the began in the 1900s. Before that, there was little regu-
market; they are not directly dealt with under the lation for the way drugs were manufactured, tested,
banner of “pharmacology.” packaged, or sold. This correct answer rules out the
27. d “1950s” as being a possible choice because the first
Rationale: The only drug among these choices that drug legislation occurred early in the century.
produces tolerance and does not require a prescrip- 5. d
tion is alcohol. Therefore, “alcohol” is the only cor- Rationale: This act is concerned with controlled sub-
rect answer. stances. The other choices cannot be correct because
28. a OTC drugs are sold without a prescription, requiring
Rationale: Alcohol potentiates the effects of certain no governmental controls except to regulate that they
tranquilizers. It may act in opposition to stimulants are safely manufactured with the proper amounts of
and amphetamines. Although some effects of alcohol approved ingredients; all prescription drugs do not
use, along with herbal supplements have been studied, fall under the heading of “controlled substances,”
they are not of enough strength—either in opposing which this act is concerned with; and “generic drugs”
actions or potentiation—to make this a correct choice. includes many substances outside the scope of those
29. c that are controlled by this act.
Rationale: Toxicology concerns living organisms 6. c
and poisons. Stimulants are not considered toxic (un- Rationale: This act was passed in 1906—early in the
less in extreme quantities); medicines, as related to 20th century, also known as the 1900s. Before 1906,
living organisms, fall more directly under the study drugs such as opium were freely advertised and sold
of pharmacology than toxicology; and placebos are to consumers with no control as to how much of the
Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Answer Key to Test Bank 277
, drug was purchased, ingested, resold, and so on. The scheduled drugs. Orphan drugs are governed by the
other dates in this question are not correct; before Orphan Drug Act of 1983.
1906, there were no drug acts, and by 1951, many 14. c
different acts had already taken effect. Rationale: HIPAA stands for the Health Insurance
7. b Portability and Accountability Act. The other choices
Rationale: Diethylene glycol is used today as anti- are not actual names of acts but use the HIPAA ini-
freeze. It has a pleasant color and taste but is deadly tials, and all appear to be realistically possible names
if consumed. This substance was mixed with sulfanil- for the act.
amide and sold as a sore throat remedy, with no test- 15. b
ing as to its toxicity. A total of 107 reported deaths Rationale: Although it would seem that the DEA
occurred as a result. might be the correct choice, it is important to under-
8. c stand the distinction between the DEA and the FDA
Rationale: Thalidomide caused serious malforma- (which is the correct choice for this question). The
tions of fetuses during the first trimester of preg- FDA controls all drug administration laws. The DEA
nancy, including missing or deformed limbs. The enforces controlled substance laws and regulations.
drug is currently used for special conditions, such as The other choices—the CDC and the HIPAA—are in-
to treat leprosy, but it cannot be used by pregnant correct because drugs are not the focus of the CDC,
mothers (especially during the first trimester). and HIPAA is concerned with health insurance.
9. b 16. c
Rationale: The DEA is the only legal drug enforce- Rationale: The CDC primarily issues infection con-
ment agency in the United States. The other choices trol regulations. It focuses on worldwide diseases,
stand for Food and Drug Administration, Centers for either common or rare. Current worldwide concerns
Disease Control and Prevention, and Federal Trade include SARS and bird flu. The other choices are
Commission. incorrect because they all relate to drugs and drug
10. a packaging, which are outside the scope of the CDC.
Rationale: Orphan drugs treat fewer than 200,000 17. d
people in the United States. The government offers Rationale: State law is the main controller of phar-
special incentives for their development and mar- macy practice. Federal law does not govern phar-
keting, including tax breaks and a 7-year monopoly macy practice but may become involved in pharmacy
on their sale by the company that develops them. practice disputes based on appeals. Pharmaceutical
OTC drugs are simply over-the-counter drugs, and associations do not have any legal governing author-
scheduled drugs are listed in the five drug schedules, ity. Poison control centers are concerned with treat-
which list controlled substances and how they may ing poisonings, not governing.
be used. 18. b
11. b Rationale: Ethics are standards of behavior outside
Rationale: The Prescription Drug Marketing Act of the scope of law; hence, this is the correct choice. The
1987 controls drug reimportation. The Safe Medi- other choices are incorrect because empathy concerns
cal Devices Act concerns patient harm caused by the ability to understand another person’s position,
a medical device, the Orphan Drug Act controls confidentiality involves the keeping of patient in-
the development and marketing of drugs that treat formation secure and safe from others who have no
fewer than 200,000 people in the United States, right to have access to it, and ordinances are specific
and the Drug Abuse Control Amendment permit- legal rulings.
ted authorized registrants to manufacture stimulant 19. d
drugs. Rationale: Drug samples may not be sold. They are
12. c provided by drug companies so physicians can give
Rationale: Anabolic steroids are derived from hor- them out free of charge as samples; this is to promote
monal substances related to estrogen, progestins, future sales of these drugs. Trading drugs between
testosterone, and corticosteroids. They are regulated different people is not a legal activity. The patient
under the CSA. Vitamins and minerals are available who is intended to take a drug—whether it is a free
OTC, and enzymes are naturally found in the human sample or a prescribed, purchased drug—is the only
body; hence, none of these fit the criteria of the uses one who should take it.
for anabolic steroids. 20. a
13. d Rationale: Legend drugs cannot be sold without a
Rationale: OSHA, which is part of the Department prescription. OTC means over the counter, not re-
of Labor, is concerned with safe and healthy work- quiring a prescription. Aspirin and acetaminophen
places. The other choices are incorrect because they are examples of OTC drugs.
are outside the scope of OSHA’s activities. The 21. a
DEA controls all illegal drug activities, such as the Rationale: Schedules I and II contain drugs with
import and export of drugs and the legalized use of “high abuse potential.” The schedules range from
278 Answer Key to Test Bank Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
to Test Bank
Unit 1: General Principles receptors are located on a cellular level; hence, “cell
surface” is correct.
Chapter 1: Introduction To Pharmacology
4. a
1. d Rationale: The liver is the site of most drug metabo-
Rationale: Pharmacodynamics is the only correct lism. The text does explain that some drug metabo-
choice (although it has even more defining charac- lism occurs in the plasma, kidneys, within cells, at
teristics than listed here) because of the definitions synapses, and within nerves, but none of these are
of the other choices. Pharmacy is the practice of dis- major sites of metabolism in comparison.
pensing medications that are intended to improve the 5. c
health status of patients, pharmacology is the study Rationale: Most drugs are acted upon by enzymes
of drugs and their actions and effects, and toxicology for conversion to metabolic derivatives during me-
is the study of poisons and poisonings. tabolism. This process of biotransformation occurs
2. c mostly in the liver. Amino acids and extracellular
Rationale: Blood is routinely sampled to character- fluid are not discussed in the text in this capacity, and
ize a drug’s pharmacological actions. Serum is incor- receptors are specific proteins that function at the cel-
rect because it is just a part of what makes up blood, lular level.
urine is not often used for this purpose, and mucus is 6. d
not used at all in this manner. Rationale: The site of action in regards to the fac-
3. b tors that control drug concentration is important
Rationale: Most receptors are located on the cell sur- for pharmacy technicians to understand. Although
face. The other choices (muscles, skin, and nerves) toxic and therapeutic levels of a drug are important
are all made up of cells, but the text explains where to know, they are parameters for administration
Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. 275
, that are easily referenced. Drug concentration in the 14. b
blood circulation is not as critical as the site of the Rationale: Cytochrome P-450 is the only enzyme
drug’s action because most drugs act systemically and among these choices; hence, the others cannot be cor-
are found in varying amounts through the circula- rect answers.
tory pathways. The site of action focuses on what the 15. a
drug’s intended effects should be in the intended area Rationale: A drug is the name given to any substance
of the body. intended to improve a physiologic or pathologic con-
7. c dition. A solution is simply one form of a drug. A
Rationale: Body surface area is a critical tool in cal- dose is the amount of a drug given, and a compound
culating pediatric dosages because it gives the best is a mixture of substances.
overall accuracy when determining how much of 16. b
a drug to administer. Height is a component of a Rationale: Other ingredients mixed with a drug to
child’s size, but it is not used by itself in determining create a “medicine” are focused primarily on ensur-
dosages; gender is never used for this purpose in chil- ing the medicine’s stability. Its effectiveness is con-
dren; and metabolism is only taken into account for trolled by the amount of active ingredient(s), not
drug dosages in the case of extremely specific condi- by the other ingredients mixed with it. Its color and
tions, such as whether the child has a kidney or liver odor are not important considerations in a medicine’s
disease. desired effectiveness, but stability most definitely is.
8. c 17. c
Rationale: The first-pass effect greatly affects drug Rationale: A sugar pill may be used as a placebo and
action and metabolism. Because the GI tract includes often has proven effective because the patient believes
the stomach and intestines, it is not a focused answer; that it will help his or her condition. Diet pills are
the intestines are simply part of the GI tract; and not usually made of sugar. Experimental dosages are
toxic drug action is just a type of drug action and medications in amounts that are being tested—not
thus is not a correct choice. just sugar. Although sugar is a component of energy
9. a pills, it is not a key ingredient in them, and energy
Rationale: The blood flow is the most important pills are not referred to as sugar pills.
factor here in distributing a drug to various organs. 18. d
Hepatic portal circulation concerns primarily the Rationale: When a person’s body cannot function
liver. Distribution is not a focused answer. “Reac- properly without a drug that has been used before,
tions” is incorrect because it is not an accurate word the person has become tolerant to it. Addiction refers
to be used in this scenario. to someone who psychologically or physically craves
10. d a drug for stimulation. Allergies to a drug produce
Rationale: Dissolving is the only correct answer for negative responses to its use. A body cannot become
all drugs; they cannot be absorbed unless dissolved “kinetic” to a drug.
first. Not all drugs must be diluted or compounded, 19. b
and some drugs are absorbed without circulating. Rationale: Systemic availability is directly influ-
11. b enced by pharmaceutical factors and GI absorption.
Rationale: Ionized drugs must pass through the The bloodstream and cells are, of course, eventually
blood–brain barrier to be absorbed, making their dis- affected by a drug, but absorption begins in the GI
tribution more difficult. The intestinal wall, blood- tract. Excretion rate is not a factor influencing sys-
stream, and heart are incorrect choices because all temic availability.
of these do not necessarily affect the distribution of 20. b
ionized drugs. Rationale: The stomach is acidic only. Thus, phys-
12. d iochemical is not applicable. Basic and alkaline are
Rationale: Timing is everything regarding epineph- opposites of acidity; hence, they cannot be correct.
rine and anaphylactic shock. Waiting until shock 21. c
begins before administering epinephrine endangers Rationale: Because this question refers to an empty
the patient greatly, as would waiting until 24 hours stomach and “some” medications, “will always
have elapsed. It does not matter where epinephrine cause vomiting because of” and “will always cause
is administered as long as it is administered quickly cramps because of” cannot apply because they con-
enough. tain the word “always.” An empty stomach does not
13. a decrease the rate of absorption. The correct choice is
Rationale: Knowledge of a patient’s allergies is criti- “increases” because absorption takes place more
cal before administering a drug. All the other choices quickly when the stomach does not also contain food.
are not critical determinants in the safety of most 22. d
drugs; therefore, “allergies” is the only completely Rationale: Orally administered drugs are usually
correct answer. absorbed in the upper GI tract. They are not usually
276 Answer Key to Test Bank Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
, still intact by the time they reach the lower GI tract. generally used to establish a control group when
The esophagus simply passes them down into studying a drug’s effects.
the stomach, and the pharynx is where they are 30. c
swallowed. Rationale: Directly injected drugs bypass the pro-
23. c cess of absorption and are distributed throughout
Rationale: Hepatic portal circulation carries blood the body. Their rate of excretion is not generally as
directly to the liver. The other choices are incorrect important as their absorption and distribution rates.
because biochemical pathways do not refer specifi- Directly injected drugs are often metabolized more
cally to the liver, “renal” refers to the kidneys, and quickly, not slowly. Directly injected drugs are often
“lymphatic” refers to the lymph nodes and lymphatic available in a ready-to-be-injected solution, requiring
system. no reconstitution.
24. a
Rationale: Women are more likely to experience
Chapter 2: Law and Ethics of Medications
adverse drug reactions. This is primarily because av-
erage adult dosages are calculated based on a 150- 1. b
lb body weight, and many women weigh less than Rationale: Amphetamines and codeine are usually
this amount; also, they often absorb drugs more listed as Schedule II drugs, although specific prod-
quickly than men because of higher amounts of body ucts containing smaller quantities of Schedule II
fat. The other choices are not focused enough to be substances—usually combined with noncontrolled
correct. “Men” is an incorrect choice because they substances—are listed as Schedule III or IV.
absorb drugs more slowly than women; “children” 2. a
and “elderly adults” include males and females and Rationale: Most states guarantee licensure for 1 to
therefore cannot be completely correct. 2 years. Continuing education must be undertaken
25. c so pharmacists and pharmacy technicians remain on
Rationale: A cumulative effect occurs when a dose is the cutting edge of new advancements in their prac-
given before the last one has been metabolized and tice. This relatively short period of licensure (before
excreted. Idiosyncratic reactions are unexpected reac- having to become relicensed) helps to ensure better
tions to a drug. Tolerance and cross-tolerance refer quality of skills, abilities, and continuing growth of
to the body becoming used to a drug and then need- knowledge.
ing it to remain in a state of normalcy. 3. d
26. c Rationale: OSHA is the regulatory agency that in-
Rationale: Pharmacology deals with prescription, spects medical facilities and requires compliance
legal, over-the-counter, and illegal drugs. Generic with the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. The other
drugs are included in the terms prescription and agencies listed focus on different types of regulatory
illegal; hence, this answer is not specific enough. activities.
Legend drugs are the same as prescribed schedule 4. c
drugs—again, not a focused answer. Experimental Rationale: Drug legislation in the United States
drugs are those being researched and not yet on the began in the 1900s. Before that, there was little regu-
market; they are not directly dealt with under the lation for the way drugs were manufactured, tested,
banner of “pharmacology.” packaged, or sold. This correct answer rules out the
27. d “1950s” as being a possible choice because the first
Rationale: The only drug among these choices that drug legislation occurred early in the century.
produces tolerance and does not require a prescrip- 5. d
tion is alcohol. Therefore, “alcohol” is the only cor- Rationale: This act is concerned with controlled sub-
rect answer. stances. The other choices cannot be correct because
28. a OTC drugs are sold without a prescription, requiring
Rationale: Alcohol potentiates the effects of certain no governmental controls except to regulate that they
tranquilizers. It may act in opposition to stimulants are safely manufactured with the proper amounts of
and amphetamines. Although some effects of alcohol approved ingredients; all prescription drugs do not
use, along with herbal supplements have been studied, fall under the heading of “controlled substances,”
they are not of enough strength—either in opposing which this act is concerned with; and “generic drugs”
actions or potentiation—to make this a correct choice. includes many substances outside the scope of those
29. c that are controlled by this act.
Rationale: Toxicology concerns living organisms 6. c
and poisons. Stimulants are not considered toxic (un- Rationale: This act was passed in 1906—early in the
less in extreme quantities); medicines, as related to 20th century, also known as the 1900s. Before 1906,
living organisms, fall more directly under the study drugs such as opium were freely advertised and sold
of pharmacology than toxicology; and placebos are to consumers with no control as to how much of the
Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Answer Key to Test Bank 277
, drug was purchased, ingested, resold, and so on. The scheduled drugs. Orphan drugs are governed by the
other dates in this question are not correct; before Orphan Drug Act of 1983.
1906, there were no drug acts, and by 1951, many 14. c
different acts had already taken effect. Rationale: HIPAA stands for the Health Insurance
7. b Portability and Accountability Act. The other choices
Rationale: Diethylene glycol is used today as anti- are not actual names of acts but use the HIPAA ini-
freeze. It has a pleasant color and taste but is deadly tials, and all appear to be realistically possible names
if consumed. This substance was mixed with sulfanil- for the act.
amide and sold as a sore throat remedy, with no test- 15. b
ing as to its toxicity. A total of 107 reported deaths Rationale: Although it would seem that the DEA
occurred as a result. might be the correct choice, it is important to under-
8. c stand the distinction between the DEA and the FDA
Rationale: Thalidomide caused serious malforma- (which is the correct choice for this question). The
tions of fetuses during the first trimester of preg- FDA controls all drug administration laws. The DEA
nancy, including missing or deformed limbs. The enforces controlled substance laws and regulations.
drug is currently used for special conditions, such as The other choices—the CDC and the HIPAA—are in-
to treat leprosy, but it cannot be used by pregnant correct because drugs are not the focus of the CDC,
mothers (especially during the first trimester). and HIPAA is concerned with health insurance.
9. b 16. c
Rationale: The DEA is the only legal drug enforce- Rationale: The CDC primarily issues infection con-
ment agency in the United States. The other choices trol regulations. It focuses on worldwide diseases,
stand for Food and Drug Administration, Centers for either common or rare. Current worldwide concerns
Disease Control and Prevention, and Federal Trade include SARS and bird flu. The other choices are
Commission. incorrect because they all relate to drugs and drug
10. a packaging, which are outside the scope of the CDC.
Rationale: Orphan drugs treat fewer than 200,000 17. d
people in the United States. The government offers Rationale: State law is the main controller of phar-
special incentives for their development and mar- macy practice. Federal law does not govern phar-
keting, including tax breaks and a 7-year monopoly macy practice but may become involved in pharmacy
on their sale by the company that develops them. practice disputes based on appeals. Pharmaceutical
OTC drugs are simply over-the-counter drugs, and associations do not have any legal governing author-
scheduled drugs are listed in the five drug schedules, ity. Poison control centers are concerned with treat-
which list controlled substances and how they may ing poisonings, not governing.
be used. 18. b
11. b Rationale: Ethics are standards of behavior outside
Rationale: The Prescription Drug Marketing Act of the scope of law; hence, this is the correct choice. The
1987 controls drug reimportation. The Safe Medi- other choices are incorrect because empathy concerns
cal Devices Act concerns patient harm caused by the ability to understand another person’s position,
a medical device, the Orphan Drug Act controls confidentiality involves the keeping of patient in-
the development and marketing of drugs that treat formation secure and safe from others who have no
fewer than 200,000 people in the United States, right to have access to it, and ordinances are specific
and the Drug Abuse Control Amendment permit- legal rulings.
ted authorized registrants to manufacture stimulant 19. d
drugs. Rationale: Drug samples may not be sold. They are
12. c provided by drug companies so physicians can give
Rationale: Anabolic steroids are derived from hor- them out free of charge as samples; this is to promote
monal substances related to estrogen, progestins, future sales of these drugs. Trading drugs between
testosterone, and corticosteroids. They are regulated different people is not a legal activity. The patient
under the CSA. Vitamins and minerals are available who is intended to take a drug—whether it is a free
OTC, and enzymes are naturally found in the human sample or a prescribed, purchased drug—is the only
body; hence, none of these fit the criteria of the uses one who should take it.
for anabolic steroids. 20. a
13. d Rationale: Legend drugs cannot be sold without a
Rationale: OSHA, which is part of the Department prescription. OTC means over the counter, not re-
of Labor, is concerned with safe and healthy work- quiring a prescription. Aspirin and acetaminophen
places. The other choices are incorrect because they are examples of OTC drugs.
are outside the scope of OSHA’s activities. The 21. a
DEA controls all illegal drug activities, such as the Rationale: Schedules I and II contain drugs with
import and export of drugs and the legalized use of “high abuse potential.” The schedules range from
278 Answer Key to Test Bank Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
