NHA Phlebotomy Exam-Answered

NHA Phlebotomy Exam-Answered NHA Phlebotomy Exam-Answered OSHA Establishes regulations and guidelines to direct phlebotomists to work at the highest level of safety possible when handling bio hazards and chemicals. The blood borne pathogens standard (OSHA) - addresses use of PPE - availability to the Hep B immunization - Each workplace must have a exposure control plan - has guidelines to ensure safety - provides standard plans for after an exposure. - engineering controls and record keeping protocols PPE for venipuncture and capillary (OSHA) well fitting gloves Airborne infection PPE (OSHA) N99 or N95 mask What do you do when you have an accidental needle stick? (OSHA) First you wash the area with soap and water (basic first aid), then undergo medical examination that includes you and the patient get tested for HIV, HBV and HCV. Then document the exposure in sharps injury log. What do you include in a sharps injury log? (OSHA) date and time of incident, type of sharps used, who was involved (patient or staff w/o names), location and a detailed description of how it occurred. What is the joint commission? - accredits and certifies healthcare organizations - independent, nongovernmental, and nonprofit - focuses on continual improvement of patient safety and quality of care through regulations and standards The national patient safety goals program (JC) sets requirements for issues including training of health care professionals, communication of test results, and accurate IDs (2-factor method) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) -develops standards and guidelines in order for a laboratory to be accredited - provides guidelines for phlebotomists for better accuracy and patient care (like for the use of tubes and needles). standards include level of additives and their use for which tests, order of draw, processing and handling, depth of needle and location needed for capillary collection - provides guidelines for quality control, patient care, risk reductions, and time saving and cost cutting measures. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - helps ID and and educate about infections, illnesses and disease preventions. - IDs new disease and works to prevent spreads - Provides guidelines for PPE sharps handling and hand hygiene - recommends standard precautions when handling body fluids HIPPA - Protects every patients PHI (protected health info) which is any and all info that relates to the patients medical record or electronic health record. - details what info is confidential and any authorized release of that info Info protected under HIPPA demographic info, treatment, meds, diagnostic testing. Any info w/o a way to ID the patient is not protected When is the phlebotomist responsible for the patient? Before, during and immediately after venipuncture What happens if you go through with the venipuncture without consent? It would be considered assult Techniques to find a vein warming the area, wiping it with an alcohol wipe, and lowering the limb below the level of the patients heart Why do phlebotomists avoid the wrist? potential ulnar nerve damage or inadvertent arterial access Why is the basilic vein the least desirable for venipuncture? it is close to the brachial artery and it is most painful Why would a phlebotomist avoid the legs and feet of a patient who has diabetes mellitus? To prevent possible infection What do you do if a hematoma develops? Stop the procedure What do you do if the patient shows early signs of a seizure or syncope? You immediately stop the procedure and lie them on the floor or in their bed. Give them a cold compress and stay with them until they recover Quality control a measure of precision or of how well an instrument is functioning over time Quality assurance ensuring a test is as accurate as possible What do you write in the equipment log The time and date you ran a quality control test and the results of the test How often should you clean lab equipment? several times per day Why would a centrifuge be shaking excessively? The tubes need to be about the same size and volume. The tubes also have to be placed directly across from each other What could happen if the centrifuge shakes too much tube breakage or improper centrifuging What do you do if a piece of equipment is not working correctly or at all? Make a repair report (state the date, description of issue, and the steps you took to try to fix the problem) How can you ensure quality control when using glucometers? Use of external controls, matching test strip codes and reviewing expiration dates When do you use external controls when using a glucometer?