Illinois Field Crop Applicators Test 100% Pass

Illinois Field Crop Applicators Test 100% Pass An integrated pest management program is based upon what factors? various, economical, environmentally sound, socially acceptable What is the number of pests that should be controlled to prevent economic damage from occurring? Economic threshhold Number of pests, costs of various treatments, expected yield, and expected grain value are all factors to determine.... Economic Injury level What should be done if scouting detects an important pest, but its numbers do not reach the economic threshold? Do not treat, but scout again later. When scouting, where in the field should you sample? random What are the 4 types of control measures used in an IPM? Cultural, Mechanical, Biological, Chemical At what stage in the life-cycle of a Corn rootworm does it prune and tunnel through the roots causing stalk lodging? Larvae At what life-cycle stage does a corn rootworm cause ear damage by feeding on the silks? Adult What are the economic thresholds when scouting for corn rootworm beetles in corn? When silks are green, 5 or more beetles per plant if silks are clipped within 1/2 inch of the ear tip. What are the economic thresholds when scouting for corn rootworm beetles in soy? From late July to late august at least 5 beetles per unbaited pherocon AM trap in soybeans or .75 beetles per plant in non-rotated corn. What damage does a black cutworm larvae do to corn seedlings? feed on the leaves and older larvae cause leaf cutting leading to reduced stands. What are 3 factors that have the most potential to lead to black cutworm damage? Crop debris, winter annaul weeds, late planted What is the recommended method for managing black cutworms in IL? rescue treatments when nessisary What type of larvae causes whorl damage in 1st generation, stalk tunneling damage in the 2nd generation with possible ear tunneling and stalk rot? European corn borer Damages corn by coating the tassels and silks with honeydew which reduces pollination. Leaf Aphid What insects have white, C-shaped, and about 1 inch long larvea which can be differentiated by their raster patterns? Japanese beetle grubs and other white grubs. They chew on the roots and root hairs of seedlings resulting in irregular emergence, reduced stands, and stunted or wilted plants. Injured plants may turn purple because they cannot take up phosphorus. Japanese beetle grubs They are metallic looking green beetles that are 3/8 to 1/2 and inch long with coppery wing covers. Japanese beetle adults. What kind of damage do Japanese beetle adults cause? feed on the silks 1/4 inch beetle, black triangle on neck just below the head? adult bean leaf beetle. When bean leaf beetles feed on cotyledons and first true leaves what is the amount of beetles per foot of row that is the economic threshold? 16 or more When bean leaf beetles eat holes in leaves during the vegetative growth stage what is the percent defoliation that is the economic threshold? 30-40% when bean leaf beetles feed during pod fill what is the percentage of defoliation or damaged pods that is the economic threshold? 20% defoliation or 5-10% injured pods pinhead sized, yellow, round, soft bodied, insects on the undersides of soybean leaves soybean aphids What pest causes the following damage: suck sap from sobean plants causing the leaves to curl and turn yellow, excrete honeydew, sooty mold grows on the honeydew lowering photosynthesis, heavy infestations cause lowers pod counts, and they act as a vector for pathogens. soybean aphids What pest causes the following damage: Stripping leaves, fine silk on leaves and between plants, bronzing leaves, curled leaves and leaf drop. spider mites What alfalfa weevil lifecycle stage is described here: up to 1/2 inch long with dark heel. Green with stripe down back. Larvae What alfalfa weevil lifecycle stage is described here: 1/2 inch long beetle that is meduim brown w/ dark brown stripe. hard shell. adult What pest causes this damage: larvae skeltonize leaves, causes fields to appear frosted, adults feather the leaves and chew stems alfalfa weevil What pest has this economic threshold? first crop- 3 or more larvae per stem and 20% of the tips skeletonized. later cuttings- feeding on 50% of crowns and no regrowth for 3-6 days. alfalfa weevil Name this pest: 1/8 inch long, green, wedge shaped potato leafhopper what pest causes this damage: yellowish leaflets and dark brown triangular leaflet tips. potato leafhopper when is alfalfa most susceptible to potato leafhopper damage and as a consequence when is the most critical time to scout for this pest? after the first crop name the pest- Appearance is grean brown w/ orange stripes up to 1.5 inches long. Damage they cause is feed at night and on cloudy days chewing through wheat stems causing heads to fall off. armyworm larvae The following methods of controlling insect pest are examples of what type of method? -Fly free wheat planting dates for hessian flies -Early cutting of alfalfa to reduce alfalfa weevil damage Cultural the following methods of controlling insect pests are examples of what type of method? -Tillage to destroy overwintering grasshopper eggs -late season weed removal to control stalk borer Mechanical The following methods of controlling insect pests are examples of what type of method? -tachinid flies parasitizing army worms -genetically modified corn containing Bt biological The following methods of controlling insect pests are examples of what type of method? -rescue treatment of corn for black cutworm -banding insecticide over corn row at planting time to control corn root-worm chemical these are 4 main characteristics used to identify what type of weed seedlings? 1. cotyledons 2. true leaves 3. arrangement of true leaves 4. leaf petioles broadleaf These 3 types of underground vegetative reproductive structures are called what? - rhizomes -budding roots -tubers/ bulbs propagules Name the pest that competes with crops for: light, nutrients, moisture, and space. weeds abbreviation for: Early Preplant applications EPP abbreviation for: Preplant incorporated applications PPI abbreviation for: preplant or preemergence applications PRE abbreciation for: post emergence applications POST What stage in the lifecycle are annuals most susceptible to herbicicdes applied postemergence? seedling What stage in the lifecycle are biennials most susceptible to herbicicdes applied postemergence? seedling, rosette stage, prior to bolting What stage in the lifecycle are perennials most susceptible to herbicicdes applied postemergence? seedling, bud to bloom, and fall- prior to dormancy All soil applied herbicides need to move into the soil which can be accomplished by what means? mechanical or precipitation Most weed seeds germinate in the top how many inches of the top soil? 2 inches Should you use a higher or lower labeled rate of a soil applied herbicide when the following factors are observed: 1. soil texture is high in clay 2. organic matter is high % 3. herbicide alone (not tank mix) 4. crop residue soil cover is high higher Should you use a higher or lower labeled rate of a soil applied herbicide when the following factors are observed: 1. soil texture is high in sand 2. organic matter is low % 3. herbicide is tank mix (not alone) 4. crop residue soil cover is low lower Do the listed factors lead to a higher or lower carryover potential for herbicides to the next crop? 1. herbicide persistence (half-life) is long 2.Herbicide application was done later in the season 3. precipitation totals are low 4. temperature is cool 5. rotational crop time is short higher Do the listed factors lead to a higher or lower carryover potential for herbicides to the next crop? 1. herbicide persistence (half-life) is short 2.Herbicide application was done early in the season 3. precipitation totals are high 4. temperature is warm 5. rotational crop time is long lower Treflan, Command, canopy, scepter, and pursuit are all herbicides prone to carryover that are used in what crop? soybeans Atrazine, princep, exceed, lumax/lexer are all herbicides prone to carryover that are used in what crop? Corn True or false: herbicide combinations (pre-mix, tank-mix, etc.) are used to: -broaden the spectrum of weeds controled - reduce or minimize carryover, crop injury, and resistance in weeds. True Applicators are liable and should understand that each herbicide must be labeled for the use and all label requirements met when doing what activity? mixing or combining herbicides Do the listed factors mean you should apply a higher or lower rate of herbicides for postemergence? 1. weed size is large 2. weed density is high 3. herbicide is alone and not a mix 4. adjuvants are not used 5. the conditions are dry. higher Do the listed factors mean you should apply a higher or lower rate of herbicides for postemergence? 1. weed size is small 2. weed density is low 3. herbicide mixed not alone 4. adjuvants are used 5. the conditions are so that weeds are actively growing lower rate Do the listed factors lead to higher or lower herbicide activity? 1. rainfall 2-6 hours after the application 2. temperature is hot 3. soil moisture is adequate 4. relative humidity is high higher Do the listed factors lead to higher or lower herbicide activity? 1. rainfall less than 30 minutes after the application 2. temperature is cool 3. soil moisture is poor 4. relative humidity is low lower What is added to a postemergence herbicide to increase the following factors? -spray coverage -herbicide effectiveness -spray potential -droplet size which decreases drift adjuvants Glysophate and paraquat are often involved in this type of drift/ off target movement. particle drift Dicamba, clomazone, and 2-4-D are commonly involved with this type of drift. vapor drift _____of action: describes the the herbicide inhibits plant growth mode ______ of action: refers to the location on the plant the herbicide acts site The following symptoms describe what type of herbicide: 1. twisting 2. cupping of leaves 3. corn has rolled leaves 4. stalk bending growth regulator The following symptoms describe what type of herbicide: 1. yellowing of the leaves 2. interveinal chlorosis 3. chlorophil are killed Photosynthesis inhibitors Foliar applied herbicides are classified as contact or translocated. Which of the 2 is described below? Symptoms are fast to develop and require maximum foliar coverage. contact True or false: no till or reduced tillage decreases perennial and biennial weed species. False True or false: no till or reduced tillage deceases the number of large seeded summer annuals that germinate deeper. true true or false: no till or reduced tillage increases small seeded summer annuals that germinate on or near the soil surface. true true or false: the following steps lead to maximizing the occurrence of herbicide resistant weeds- 1. scouting regularly 2. using mixed herbicides with multiple modes of actions and sites of action 3. cleaning off tillage equipment before leaving a field false true or false: Pathogen, time, host plant, and environment are all factors that govern the development and seriousness of infectious plant diseases. true when a hybrid has no major defense mechanisms to a disease but the yield loss is less compared to a susceptible hybrid we call them what? tolerant when a hybrid has defense mechanisms that limit infection we call them what? resistant true or false: monocyclic diseases infect a plant and complete only one generation but doesn't reinfect during the same growing season. most root diseases are this way. true true or false: polycyclic diseases can infect and complete many generations within the same growing season. many foliar diseases are this way. true _____ fungicides are fungicides that remians of the surface of the plant contact ______are fungicides that are absorbed into the immediate area of the application but are not translocated far from the site of uptake. local penetrants ______ fungicides are absorded by the plant and will move only upward in the plant. systemic What unit of measurement is used to measure spray droplets? they are equal to 1/25,000 of an inch microns Droplets below ____ microns in size are at risk of drift. 100 _______ (VMD) describes the diameter of droplet where half the droplets in the spray are smaller and half are bigger. so basically the median. Volume Medium Diameter When a droplet spectrum category and VMD range is listed as extremely fine and 50 microns what is the abbreviation for it? XF When a droplet spectrum category and VMD range is listed as very fine and 50-100 microns what is the abbreviation for it? VF When a droplet spectrum category and VMD range is listed as fine and 150-250 microns what is the abbreviation for it? F When a droplet spectrum category and VMD range is listed as medium and 250-350 microns what is the abbreviation for it? M When a droplet spectrum category and VMD range is listed as coarse and 350-450 microns what is the abbreviation for it? C When a droplet spectrum category and VMD range is listed as very coarse and 450-550 microns what is the abbreviation for it? VC When a droplet spectrum category and VMD range is listed as extremely coarse and 550-650 microns what is the abbreviation for it? XC When a droplet spectrum category and VMD range is listed as ultra coarse and 650 microns what is the abbreviation for it? UC ______ nozzles have a wide angle of spray, vary greatly with pressure flooding _____ nozzles- pre-orifice, turbulence chamber, coarse droplets. turbo flooding What nozzle type has a HIGH FLOW rate and wide angle? high flow what nozzle type extends the range of lower pressures you can use because of its modified oriface? extended range nozzles What device monitors application factors like flow rate, pressure, and speed? spray rate controller What information does the operator need to put into the spray rate controller? effective sprayed width and target GPA amount of time the nozzle is held open during pulse applications duty cycle _____ of the solution is the weight per unit of volume and expressed commonly as pounds per gallon density how much does a gallon of water weigh in pounds? 8.34