CHAPTER 1
POLICE HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The word police comes from the Latin word “politia,” which means:
a. civil administration c. use of force
b. military administration d. power of the ruler
ANS: A PTS: 1
2. The first specialized investigative unit in Rome was called “questors,” which means:
a. finders of criminals c. enforcers
b. capturers d. trackers of murder
ANS: D PTS: 1
3. The members of the military appointed by Roman Emperor Augustus to protect the palace
and the emperor were called the:
a. Royal Guard c. Roman Guard
b. Praetorian Guard d. Praefectus Urbi
ANS: B PTS: 1
4. The __________ evolved into the Gendarmerie Nationale, which today polices the areas outside
France’s major cities.
a. Praefectus Urbi c. Maréchausée
b. Praetorian Guard d. Magistrates
ANS: C PTS: 1
5. The lowest form of social organization or mutual pledge created by King Alfred the Great in
England was:
a. tithing c. shire
b. hundred d. thousand
ANS: A PTS: 1
6. Who formed the Bow Street Runners?
a. Henry Fielding c. Patrick Colquhoun
b. Sir Robert Peel d. Colonel Charles Rowan
ANS: A PTS: 1
7. Who is generally credited with establishing the first police department in London, England?
a. Henry Fielding c. Patrick Colquhoun
b. Sir Robert Peel d. Sir Charles Rowan
ANS: B PTS: 1
8. The first organized American police department (1838) in the North was created in what
city?
a. Chicago c. Philadelphia
b. New York City d. Boston
ANS: D PTS: 1
, 9. What U.S. Supreme Court decision held that a black slave could not sue in court for his
freedom because he was not a citizen?
a. Dred Scott v. Sandford
b. Mapp v. Ohio
c. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
d. Mabury v. Madison
ANS: A PTS: 1
10. Many historians and scholars indicate that ____________ in the American South were the
precursor to the modern American system of policing.
a. Praetorian Guard c. thief-takers
b. slave patrols d. Vigiles
ANS: B PTS: 1
11. The only law enforcement officers available on the American frontier were the:
a. county sheriff and town marshal c. chief of police and county sheriff
b. county marshal and town sheriff d. military provost and town marshal
ANS: A PTS: 1
12. The Statute of Winchester established the office of _____________, who was responsible for
organizing and supervising the watch.
a. county sheriff c. city marshal
b. parish constable d. police chief
ANS: B PTS: 1
13. __________ were assistants to the constables and walked the streets removing vagrants.
a. Beadles c. Marshals
b. Deputies d. Roamers
ANS: A PTS: 1
14. A form of community self-protection developed by King Alfred the Great in the latter part of
the nineteenth-century England was/were the:
a. Vigiles c. shire-reeve
b. hue and cry d. mutual pledge
ANS: D PTS: 1
15. What statute made it a crime not to assist the night watch?
a. Posse Comitatus Act of 1879 c. Statute of Winchester
b. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 d. Volstead Act
ANS: C PTS: 1
16. The Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 created:
a. the Bobbies c. the FBI
b. the office of the U.S. Marshal d. the New York City Police Department
ANS: B PTS: 1
17. The first state police agency was the:
a. Arizona Rangers c. Texas Rangers
b. New Mexico Mounted Patrol d. Nevada Posse
ANS: C PTS: 1
,18. By the 1880s, what private national detective agency had offices in nearly two dozen cities?
a. Brinks c. Wells Fargo
b. Pinkerton d. Rocky Mountain Detective
Association
ANS: B PTS: 1
19. Which Massachusetts governor fired all the striking police officers during the Boston Police
Strike and later became president of the United States?
a. Woodrow Wilson c. Theodore Roosevelt
b. Calvin Coolidge d. Ronald Reagan
ANS: B PTS: 1
20. What legislation became law in 1920 and established National Prohibition?
a. Olmstead Act c. Volstead Act
b. Homestead Act d. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
ANS: C PTS: 1
21. The Latin term __________ means “the power of the county.”
a. terra nullius c. corpus delecti
b. flagrante delicto d. posse comitatus
ANS: D PTS: 1
22. In 1929, President Herbert Hoover created the National Commission on Law Observance
and Enforcement. This commission was known as the:
a. Wickersham Commission c. Crime Commission
b. Kefauver Commission d. Kerner Commission
ANS: A PTS: 1
23. Who is known as the father of modern American policing?
a. O. W. Wilson c. Raymond Blaine Fosdick
b. August Vollmer d. J. Edgar Hoover
ANS: B PTS: 1
24. Who is noted for developing modern management and administrative techniques for
policing?
a. James Q. Wilson c. O. W. Wilson
b. Richard Sylvester d. Patrick V. Murphy
ANS: C PTS: 1
25. The director of the FBI from 1924 to his death in 1972 was:
a. Tom Ridge c. Robert Gray
b. J. Edgar Hoover d. O. W. Wilson
ANS: B PTS: 1
26. The 1960s saw the U.S. Supreme Court focus on:
a. expansion of governmental authority
b. broad interpretation of the Fourth Amendment
c. individual rights
d. corporate rights
, ANS: C PTS: 1
27. Which U.S. Supreme Court case was responsible for applying the exclusionary rule to all
state courts in America?
a. Mapp v. Ohio c. Escobedo v. Illinois
b. Miranda v. Arizona d. Brown v. Mississippi
ANS: A PTS: 1
28. Which U.S. Supreme Court case defined the constitutional right to council at police
interrogation?
a. Mapp v. Ohio c. Escobedo v. Illinois
b. Miranda v. Arizona d. Brown v. Mississippi
ANS: C PTS: 1
29. Which U.S. Supreme Court case resulted in the police requirement that persons who are in
police custody and will be interrogated be advised of their constitutional rights?
a. Mapp v. Ohio c. Escobedo v. Illinois
b. Miranda v. Arizona d. Brown v. Mississippi
ANS: B PTS: 1
30. The New York City police officer whose tales of corruption led to the Knapp Commission
was:
a. David Owens c. Frank Serpico
b. Whitman Knapp d. Julius LaRosa
ANS: C PTS: 1
31. This report from the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders decried, “Our nation
is moving toward two societies, one black, one white, separate but unequal.”
a. Wickersham Commission c. Crime Commission
b. Kefauver Commission d. Kerner Commission
ANS: D PTS: 1
32. The Youth International Party was associated with:
a. anti-integration c. antiwar movement
b. pro-war movement d. women’s suffrage
ANS: C PTS: 1
33. William J. Bratton completely reengineered the New York City Police Department to make
reducing crime its primary objective. What vehicle did he use to accomplish this mission?
a. creating SWAT c. CompStat
b. adding helicopters to the police force d. community policing
ANS: C PTS: 1
34. In 1991, what Los Angeles incident inflamed police-community relations?
a. Charles Manson arrest c. reinstatement of the death penalty
b. the L.A. shootout d. Rodney King beating
ANS: D PTS: 1
35. What law gives law enforcement new ability to search, seize, detain, or eavesdrop in their
pursuit of possible terrorists?
a. Posse Comitatus Act c. Statute of Winchester
POLICE HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The word police comes from the Latin word “politia,” which means:
a. civil administration c. use of force
b. military administration d. power of the ruler
ANS: A PTS: 1
2. The first specialized investigative unit in Rome was called “questors,” which means:
a. finders of criminals c. enforcers
b. capturers d. trackers of murder
ANS: D PTS: 1
3. The members of the military appointed by Roman Emperor Augustus to protect the palace
and the emperor were called the:
a. Royal Guard c. Roman Guard
b. Praetorian Guard d. Praefectus Urbi
ANS: B PTS: 1
4. The __________ evolved into the Gendarmerie Nationale, which today polices the areas outside
France’s major cities.
a. Praefectus Urbi c. Maréchausée
b. Praetorian Guard d. Magistrates
ANS: C PTS: 1
5. The lowest form of social organization or mutual pledge created by King Alfred the Great in
England was:
a. tithing c. shire
b. hundred d. thousand
ANS: A PTS: 1
6. Who formed the Bow Street Runners?
a. Henry Fielding c. Patrick Colquhoun
b. Sir Robert Peel d. Colonel Charles Rowan
ANS: A PTS: 1
7. Who is generally credited with establishing the first police department in London, England?
a. Henry Fielding c. Patrick Colquhoun
b. Sir Robert Peel d. Sir Charles Rowan
ANS: B PTS: 1
8. The first organized American police department (1838) in the North was created in what
city?
a. Chicago c. Philadelphia
b. New York City d. Boston
ANS: D PTS: 1
, 9. What U.S. Supreme Court decision held that a black slave could not sue in court for his
freedom because he was not a citizen?
a. Dred Scott v. Sandford
b. Mapp v. Ohio
c. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
d. Mabury v. Madison
ANS: A PTS: 1
10. Many historians and scholars indicate that ____________ in the American South were the
precursor to the modern American system of policing.
a. Praetorian Guard c. thief-takers
b. slave patrols d. Vigiles
ANS: B PTS: 1
11. The only law enforcement officers available on the American frontier were the:
a. county sheriff and town marshal c. chief of police and county sheriff
b. county marshal and town sheriff d. military provost and town marshal
ANS: A PTS: 1
12. The Statute of Winchester established the office of _____________, who was responsible for
organizing and supervising the watch.
a. county sheriff c. city marshal
b. parish constable d. police chief
ANS: B PTS: 1
13. __________ were assistants to the constables and walked the streets removing vagrants.
a. Beadles c. Marshals
b. Deputies d. Roamers
ANS: A PTS: 1
14. A form of community self-protection developed by King Alfred the Great in the latter part of
the nineteenth-century England was/were the:
a. Vigiles c. shire-reeve
b. hue and cry d. mutual pledge
ANS: D PTS: 1
15. What statute made it a crime not to assist the night watch?
a. Posse Comitatus Act of 1879 c. Statute of Winchester
b. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 d. Volstead Act
ANS: C PTS: 1
16. The Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 created:
a. the Bobbies c. the FBI
b. the office of the U.S. Marshal d. the New York City Police Department
ANS: B PTS: 1
17. The first state police agency was the:
a. Arizona Rangers c. Texas Rangers
b. New Mexico Mounted Patrol d. Nevada Posse
ANS: C PTS: 1
,18. By the 1880s, what private national detective agency had offices in nearly two dozen cities?
a. Brinks c. Wells Fargo
b. Pinkerton d. Rocky Mountain Detective
Association
ANS: B PTS: 1
19. Which Massachusetts governor fired all the striking police officers during the Boston Police
Strike and later became president of the United States?
a. Woodrow Wilson c. Theodore Roosevelt
b. Calvin Coolidge d. Ronald Reagan
ANS: B PTS: 1
20. What legislation became law in 1920 and established National Prohibition?
a. Olmstead Act c. Volstead Act
b. Homestead Act d. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
ANS: C PTS: 1
21. The Latin term __________ means “the power of the county.”
a. terra nullius c. corpus delecti
b. flagrante delicto d. posse comitatus
ANS: D PTS: 1
22. In 1929, President Herbert Hoover created the National Commission on Law Observance
and Enforcement. This commission was known as the:
a. Wickersham Commission c. Crime Commission
b. Kefauver Commission d. Kerner Commission
ANS: A PTS: 1
23. Who is known as the father of modern American policing?
a. O. W. Wilson c. Raymond Blaine Fosdick
b. August Vollmer d. J. Edgar Hoover
ANS: B PTS: 1
24. Who is noted for developing modern management and administrative techniques for
policing?
a. James Q. Wilson c. O. W. Wilson
b. Richard Sylvester d. Patrick V. Murphy
ANS: C PTS: 1
25. The director of the FBI from 1924 to his death in 1972 was:
a. Tom Ridge c. Robert Gray
b. J. Edgar Hoover d. O. W. Wilson
ANS: B PTS: 1
26. The 1960s saw the U.S. Supreme Court focus on:
a. expansion of governmental authority
b. broad interpretation of the Fourth Amendment
c. individual rights
d. corporate rights
, ANS: C PTS: 1
27. Which U.S. Supreme Court case was responsible for applying the exclusionary rule to all
state courts in America?
a. Mapp v. Ohio c. Escobedo v. Illinois
b. Miranda v. Arizona d. Brown v. Mississippi
ANS: A PTS: 1
28. Which U.S. Supreme Court case defined the constitutional right to council at police
interrogation?
a. Mapp v. Ohio c. Escobedo v. Illinois
b. Miranda v. Arizona d. Brown v. Mississippi
ANS: C PTS: 1
29. Which U.S. Supreme Court case resulted in the police requirement that persons who are in
police custody and will be interrogated be advised of their constitutional rights?
a. Mapp v. Ohio c. Escobedo v. Illinois
b. Miranda v. Arizona d. Brown v. Mississippi
ANS: B PTS: 1
30. The New York City police officer whose tales of corruption led to the Knapp Commission
was:
a. David Owens c. Frank Serpico
b. Whitman Knapp d. Julius LaRosa
ANS: C PTS: 1
31. This report from the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders decried, “Our nation
is moving toward two societies, one black, one white, separate but unequal.”
a. Wickersham Commission c. Crime Commission
b. Kefauver Commission d. Kerner Commission
ANS: D PTS: 1
32. The Youth International Party was associated with:
a. anti-integration c. antiwar movement
b. pro-war movement d. women’s suffrage
ANS: C PTS: 1
33. William J. Bratton completely reengineered the New York City Police Department to make
reducing crime its primary objective. What vehicle did he use to accomplish this mission?
a. creating SWAT c. CompStat
b. adding helicopters to the police force d. community policing
ANS: C PTS: 1
34. In 1991, what Los Angeles incident inflamed police-community relations?
a. Charles Manson arrest c. reinstatement of the death penalty
b. the L.A. shootout d. Rodney King beating
ANS: D PTS: 1
35. What law gives law enforcement new ability to search, seize, detain, or eavesdrop in their
pursuit of possible terrorists?
a. Posse Comitatus Act c. Statute of Winchester
