unit A organic chemistry
organic Nomenclature
I aromatic
i
Benzene derivatives
or
senzaiaen.ae on
cobenzoic
s e toluene
asaside
chain acid
enemy
eminenta n
phenyla pentane
a c c
c c c c
cis a
trans
when the connectivity is to the middlecarbonuse iso cexisopropyl
introduction to organic compounds
Two ormorestructures are possible for the samemolecular formula
this phenomenon is calledisomerism
thedifferentstructureswiththesamemolecular formulaare calledisomers
isomerism
isomerscontainsameatomssameformula
constitutionalisomers stereoisomers
differentconnections sameconnectivitydifferent
betweenatomsbonding threedimensionalorientation
of bonds
i
mirror images applies to a not mirrorimages
chiralcarbon
H H H
F F H e
cis
, constitutional isomers stereoisomers
isomershavesamemolecularformula me havesamemolecular formula
Atomsbondedin adifferentsequence atomsbonded insamesequence
soknownas structuresome Differin soorientationofatoms
in space
Diastereomers enantiomers
mmmm
carbonatomswithdifferenttypesofatomscarbonatom
cis
isomerwhentwoidenticalgroupsoratoms
areonthesameside atleastonecarbonatombondedtofour
isomerwhentwoidenticalgroupsoratoms
trans
chiral
differenttypes of atoms orgroupscalled ca
organiccompounds
contain a bonded to other elementscommonly H.o.ms andhalogens
carbon
canformmanydifferentcompounds dueto bondingcapacity
onas intermediate electronegativity so its mostlikely to form molecular compounds
canmakesingledoubleandtriplebonds
ocanformisomers
typesofHydrocarbons
saturated contain the maximumnumber of hydrogenssinglebondbetween all carbons
unsaturated contain at double or triplebonds
aliphatic carbonsarearrangedin chains
cyclic carbonsare arranged in rings
Aromatic contain a benzenering
structural shorthand
explicithydrogensitnoserequired to completecarbon'svalencesare usually left off of drawingsof hydrocarbons
nineintersectionsrepresent carbonatoms
NAMING ALKANES
Based off thenumber of c atoms in the longestchain
1 count the number of c's in the longestchain
2 Determine the appropriate root
3 usethe numbered as to give the branches a positionnumber add n suffix
4addthesuffix ane
alicyclic
connectedendtoendforming aring
or doublebonds presentinthe mainchain
Havingsingleand
generalformula is anman
can be saturated or unsaturated
suffix changes depending on presence ofdoublebonds
prefixused is always cyclo before theroot
organic Nomenclature
I aromatic
i
Benzene derivatives
or
senzaiaen.ae on
cobenzoic
s e toluene
asaside
chain acid
enemy
eminenta n
phenyla pentane
a c c
c c c c
cis a
trans
when the connectivity is to the middlecarbonuse iso cexisopropyl
introduction to organic compounds
Two ormorestructures are possible for the samemolecular formula
this phenomenon is calledisomerism
thedifferentstructureswiththesamemolecular formulaare calledisomers
isomerism
isomerscontainsameatomssameformula
constitutionalisomers stereoisomers
differentconnections sameconnectivitydifferent
betweenatomsbonding threedimensionalorientation
of bonds
i
mirror images applies to a not mirrorimages
chiralcarbon
H H H
F F H e
cis
, constitutional isomers stereoisomers
isomershavesamemolecularformula me havesamemolecular formula
Atomsbondedin adifferentsequence atomsbonded insamesequence
soknownas structuresome Differin soorientationofatoms
in space
Diastereomers enantiomers
mmmm
carbonatomswithdifferenttypesofatomscarbonatom
cis
isomerwhentwoidenticalgroupsoratoms
areonthesameside atleastonecarbonatombondedtofour
isomerwhentwoidenticalgroupsoratoms
trans
chiral
differenttypes of atoms orgroupscalled ca
organiccompounds
contain a bonded to other elementscommonly H.o.ms andhalogens
carbon
canformmanydifferentcompounds dueto bondingcapacity
onas intermediate electronegativity so its mostlikely to form molecular compounds
canmakesingledoubleandtriplebonds
ocanformisomers
typesofHydrocarbons
saturated contain the maximumnumber of hydrogenssinglebondbetween all carbons
unsaturated contain at double or triplebonds
aliphatic carbonsarearrangedin chains
cyclic carbonsare arranged in rings
Aromatic contain a benzenering
structural shorthand
explicithydrogensitnoserequired to completecarbon'svalencesare usually left off of drawingsof hydrocarbons
nineintersectionsrepresent carbonatoms
NAMING ALKANES
Based off thenumber of c atoms in the longestchain
1 count the number of c's in the longestchain
2 Determine the appropriate root
3 usethe numbered as to give the branches a positionnumber add n suffix
4addthesuffix ane
alicyclic
connectedendtoendforming aring
or doublebonds presentinthe mainchain
Havingsingleand
generalformula is anman
can be saturated or unsaturated
suffix changes depending on presence ofdoublebonds
prefixused is always cyclo before theroot
