APEA QBank AANP Review Questions with Complete Solution 2023

Gestational diabetes screening occurs between what weeks gestation? - 24-48 When you ask the patient to take a deep breath in and then palpate over the RUQ abdomen. Positive when pain is elicited. This is a sign of ___________. - Murphy's sign; cholecystitis What are names of LABA medications? - salmeterol What is encopresis in children? - stool incontinence after the age of being toilet trained The medical term for being cross-eyed - strabismus What is atopic dermatitis? - eczema Tests used to diagnose developmental hip dysplasia - Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers What is the female athlete triad? - disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis How do patients with aortic regurgitation typically present? - they will have a long asymptomatic period followed by exercise intolerance, then dyspnea at rest. The left ventricle eventually fails unless the aortic valve is replaced. What does the rash of fifth disease (a viral exanthem) look like? - maculopapular rash that blanches easily and may be accompanied by joint aches What cardiac abnormalities are expected to be heard on auscultation of a pregnant patient? - a venous hum murmur and an S3 When a headache accompanies a stroke, is this most often hemorrhagic or ischemic? - hemorrhagic AV nicking is most commonly seen on retinal exam of which chronic condition? - hypertension Within 6 months of being started on a TCA or SSRI, what is a common side effect that occurs? - weight gain When does otitis media with effusion usually occur? - either before or after an episode of acute otitis media. This effusion is not infected fluid but it is considered a breeding ground for bacteria. This should not be treated with antibiotics. The medical term for jock itch - tinea cruris Tinea cruris "jock itch" is a common __________ infection and should be treated with what? - fungal; OTC antifungal cream What are teaching points for males to avoid contracting tinea cruris? - dry off after swimming and don't stay in a wet bathing suit Tinea cruris can affect the inner thighs but never what else? - the penis or scrotum On microscopic exam, what is most likely to be seen in the presence of a bacterial infection? - cocci and rods On microscopic exam, what is most likely to be seen in the presence of a candidal infection? - yeasts What are dermatophytes? - fungi On microscopic exam, what is most likely to be seen in the presence of a dermatophytic (fungal) infection? - hyphae that are long, thin, and branching (such as in the case of tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis) The medical term for ringworm - tinea corporis What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia in peds? - RSV Viral pneumonia is the most common type of pneumonia in children of what ages? - 6 months to 5 years What is the simplest way to screen for nutritional adequacy in older adults? - measure their weight How are scabies treated? - via permethrin and good hygiene What are common side effects of NSAIDs? - renal impairment, acute renal failure, gastritis What is the most common cause of pernicious anemias? - vitamin B12 deficiency How should oral iron supplements be taken? - on an empty stomach with something acidic and high in calcium such as orange juice Group A strep pharyngitis can be accompanied by what symptoms other than the classic Centor criteria? - abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting A stool specimen that is positive for WBCs is a sign of what? - a viral or bacterial infection The only type of incontinence that would not benefit from pelvic floor therapy is what? - overflow incontinence What do the skin manifestations of a penicillin allergy look like? - hives What are symptoms that someone will experience as soon as they are started on a SSRI and when will this resolve? - headache, nausea, insomnia, restlessness, agitation; will resolve in 2 weeks What causes the dry cough in people taking an ACEI? - the buildup of bradykinin which is usually degraded by ACE ACEI induced coughs usually begin how soon after starting the medication? - within 2 weeks COPD is often associated with what sequelae? - anxiety and depression When should an antiviral be started in a patient with shingles? - within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms What is the drug of choice for treating UTIs in male patients? - bactrim for 7-10 days What is the leading cause of CKD and ESRD in the united states? - diabetes What is the usual recommendation about administering MMR and varicella immunizations? - they should be given on the same day or at least one month apart What are the classic symptoms of an atopic pregnancy? - amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain What is sideroblastic anemia? - when the bone marrow is unable to incorporate iron into hemoglobin. This may be either inherited or acquired. Can a pregnant woman get the MMR vaccine while pregnant? - yes Why are the carotid arteries auscultated for bruits? - this is indicative of generalized atherosclerosis What is roseola? - a viral exanthem characterized by a high fever for 3 days then abrupt stopping of the fever and a maculopapular rash that blanches. also known as exanthem subitum. What are signs indicative of a meningitis infection? - Kernig and Brudzinski's signs