AQA AS HISTORY The Wars of the Roses, 1450–1499 Component 2B The Fall of the House of Lancaster, 1450–1471 FINAL MAY 2023

AQA AS HISTORY The Wars of the Roses, 1450–1499 Component 2B The Fall of the House of Lancaster, 1450–1471 Tuesday 23 May 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7041/2B. • Answer two questions. In Section A answer Question 01. In Section B answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Information • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • The maximum mark for this paper is 50. • You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice • You are advised to spend about: – 50 minutes on Section A – 40 minutes on Section B. Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a letter to Pope Pius II from papal legate Francesco Coppini, 1 June 1461. Coppini supported the Yorkists whilst he was in London, April–November 1461. King Edward has not yet made himself supreme over the whole kingdom or reduced it to peace, because King Henry is with the Scots, with his wife and son and the Duke of Somerset and Lord Roos. In Scotland they announced that they have married Henry’s son to the daughter of the late King of Scots and sister of the present, little King. They have received, from the same Henry, the town of Berwick. Hence it is suggested that the Scots are about to invade with Henry, Margaret and their son to recover the realm. And it is thought, due to the ancient alliance between the Scots and the French, that the French will also assist by land and sea. 5 Source B From the Crowland Chronicle’s Second Continuation, written in Lincolnshire, 1486. This is believed to have been written by a member of Edward IV’s council. Following King Edward’s victory at Towton there were sieges of castles in Northumberland and various clashes on the Scottish borders. These clashes were between the remnants of Henry’s forces and Lord Montagu, John Neville, lately created Earl of Northumberland for his services, as well as other faithful followers of King Edward. Fortunes varied but most frequently they ended in the greater glory of King Edward. In all this raiding and conflict many nobles on Henry’s side were routed and slain, such as Henry, Duke of Somerset, Lord Hungerford and Lord Roos and distinguished knights such as Ralph Grey and Ralph Percy. These nobles were routed and slain by the prowess of the Earl of Northumberland. 5 0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, which of these two sources is more valuable in explaining the extent of the Lancastrian threat to Edward IV after the Battle of Towton? [25 marks]