edf 3115 final exam with complete solutions

Fixed mindset - Answer- - Entity belief about intelligence; intelligence is innate, and it cannot be increased, you either have it or you don't. Growth mindset - Answer- i. - incremental belief about intelligence; intelligence can be increased by working hard to develop knowledge and skills strategies to increase growth mindset - Answer- value effort and learning honest feedback study skills value challenge Intrinsic Motivation - Answer- i. the experience of engaging in an activity for the sheer enjoyment of it (with no need for external rewards) 1. Will not need rewards to complete a task. Extrinsic Motivation - Answer- i. the performance of an activity in order to attain some outcome separate from the activity itself. 1. Will need some sort of reward or basis behind performing the action (e.g. feeling of pride rather than guilt) how would you use SDT to address behavior and increase motivation - Answer- i. You would look to see if their basic needs are being met. The three basic needs are competence, relatedness, and autonomy. To help meet competence you would provide feedback that promotes feelings of competence. To meet relatedness, you can create a secure relational base for the child. Lastly, to meet autonomy, you can allow opportunities for self-direction. Meeting all of these needs will allow for children to be more motivated as basic psychological needs have been met. a. Examples of how teachers can promote autonomy in the classroom. - Answer- i. Cognitive - asking students to justify or argue for their point ii. Procedural - offering students choice of media to present ideas iii. Organizational - participate in creating and implementing classroom rules a. Review the four sources of self-efficacy - Answer- i. Enactive Mastery: accomplished task ii. Vicarious Experience: given a model iii. Verbal Persuasion: identify why success occurred iv. Physiological State: take note of feelings or outward a. Identify the source of perceived self-efficacy that is suggested to be the most powerful way to increase students' confidence in their ability in a specific area and an example. - Answer- i. Enactive Mastery is the most powerful as it provides the most authentic evidence of whether one can muster whatever it takes to succeed. EX: "you were able to sound out all the parts of that long word" a. Major concepts of self-control (Mischel and Baumeister) - Answer- i. Mischel - self-control refers to the ability to postpone satisfaction of one's needs in favor of a more appropriate long term goal; basis is the ability to control one's attention ii. Baumeister - self-control described as depending on a limited energy resource, like a muscle that becomes exhausted when used. It depletes energy, making self-control more difficult a. Strategies according to Mischel that students can use to increase or develop self-control - Answer- i. Distraction: ignoring the tempting activity or object ii. Abstraction: transforming the tempting activity or object to deemphasize its appealing qualities or transforming own arousal to it a. Strategies according to Baumeister that students can use to increase or develop self-control - Answer- i. Rewards ii. If-Then plans iii. Humor/Laughter iv. Cash Incentives v. Growth mindset vi. Social goals a. Explain why students need domain knowledge (that is, extensive background knowledge) about the topics of their reading, to increase their reading comprehension in later elementary school. - Answer- Students need domain knowledge because students need to understand at least 90-95% of words to comprehend what they are reading. Domain Knowledge is the best predictor of reading comprehension skills in later elementary. Explain the Matthew effect and its implications for your teaching. - Answer- i. The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. This related to reading and academic achievement, as those who are strong readers will become stronger readers and those who are struggling will continue to struggle and fall further behind. a. What is the best strategy to reduce the achievement gap between children from low SES backgrounds and higher SES backgrounds? - Answer- i. Oral Language Development. Focus on non-written, oral activities like: 1. Reading aloud coherent and challenging material 2. Discussing it 3. Having children elaborate on these materials a. What percent of the words in a text is it estimated children should be able to read when they begin a new text? - Answer- i. 90-95% a. What is constructivism? Briefly explain how knowledge about constructivism should affect the way teachers teach. - A