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UTA NURS 5315 Test 1: Q/A
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UTA NURS 5315 Test 1: Q/A
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UTA NURS 5315 Test 1: Q/Abyproduct of aerobic metabolism ✔ Ans - carbon dioxide (CO2)
what enzyme converts CO2 to Carbonic acid H2CO3 ✔ Ans - carbonic anhydrase
_________ is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism of glucose ✔ Ans - lactic acid
end product of oxidation of sulfur containing amino acids ✔ Ans - sulfuric acid
end product of metabolism of phosphoproteins and ribonucleotides which are
used as an energy source ✔ Ans - phosphoric acid
__________ binds with 40% of calcium ✔ Ans - albumin
charge of albumin ✔ Ans - negative
what happens with albumin and calcium in acidotic states ✔ Ans - There is an increased amount of H ions which causes albumin to bind to more H ions and less calcium ions causing calcium ions to become displaced leading to a higher level of free calcium
what happens with albumin and calcium in alkalotic states ✔ Ans - There is a decreased amount of H ions causing a insufficient amount of H ions to bind
with albumin. This causes albumin to bind with more calcium (due to H depletion) and causes a decreased amount of free calcium
When the extracellular fluid volume is expanded it ____________ the reabsorption of HCO3 in the ____________ ___________ ✔ Ans - inhibits; proximal tubule
A deficit in ECF volume results in a __________ in the reabsorption of HCO3 ✔ Ans - increase
What hormone does ECF volume deficit stimulate ✔ Ans - RAAS How does RAAS affect bicarb ✔ Ans - Angiotension II stimulates the Na-H exchanger in the proximal tubule --> increases HCO3 reabsorption
Angiotension II stimulates the Na-H exchanger in the proximal tubule --> increases HCO3 reabsorption --> what does this cause? ✔ Ans - metabolic alkalosis (contraction alkalosis) secondary to volume depletion- can occur with use of loop/thiazide diuretics
Where does the renal excretion of hydrogen occur? ✔ Ans - distal tubule and collecting ducts
What 2 active transport system are used to secrete H ✔ Ans - H-ATPase and H-K-ATPase
How do the 2 transport systems move H to be excreted ✔ Ans - move H into the lumen and move potassium from the lumen into the cells
once H is in the lumen what does it bind with? ✔ Ans - monohydrogen phosphate (HPO4)
what does mono hydrogen phosphate produce ✔ Ans - H2PO4 --> dihydrogen phosphate
once H2P04 is created what can happen with it? ✔ Ans - it can be excreted
what happens to the cell cycle when cancer develops? ✔ Ans - cell life cycle is unregulated and the cells grow and proliferate. cancer cellular division
is unregulated and malignant cells can invade local or distant tissues
Are cancer cells specialized? ✔ Ans - No, only normal cells are specialized
Are cancer tumors encapsulated? ✔ Ans - No, only benign tumors are encapsulated.
-oma ✔ Ans - benign tumor
Loss of cellular differentiation ✔ Ans - anaplasia
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