IAAP CPACC Certification - Post Exam Questions and Answers 2023

IAAP CPACC Certification - Post Exam Questions and Answers 2023 Medical Model of Disability Presents a view that pairs the problem of a person with direct link to the trauma, disease, or health condition Medical Model of Disability Pros and Cons Pros: Addresses the biological sources of disabilities and can provide ways to medically manage the condition Cons: Ignores the sociopolitical and environmental factors of disability; problem of the individual Social Model of Disability Disability is not a characteristic of the individual but the conditions that the social environment creates that prohibit the full integration of the individual. Social Model of Disability Pros and Cons Pros: Focus on the disabling conditions in the environment and clearing barriers that are disabling people from using society in the way designed, the individual is not "broken" Cons: Can downplay the embodied characteristics of disability, Can push disability advocacy into a polarizing political space Biophysical Model of Disability A combination of the social and medical models to create a more complex and broad view of disability in order to not diminish one aspect for another Economic Model of Disability Defined by the individual not being able to participate in work, ability or inability to contribute to the economy, assessed by the loss in productivity and consequences for the individual, employer, and economy; directly related to the charity model Economic Model of Disability Pros and Cons Pros: Recognizes the bodily limitations on work and that economic support may be needed Cons: Creates a legally defined group of "needy" people which can be stigmatizing and also leave people out that do not meet the legal threshold for disabled but need support Functional Solutions Model of Disability Identifications of the limitations ("functional impairments") that the disability creates with the intent to find solutions to overcome those barriers and reduce the limitations through innovation Functional Solutions Model of Disability Pros and Cons Pros: Results-oriented and seeks solutions to real problems without diving into the sociopolitical implications, encourages innovation and entrepreneurship Cons: Can shift cost burden to the person instead of the building or organization; profit driven can cause organization to miss the target audience and usefulness, can miss sociopolitical root cause Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model of Disability identity by affiliation; deriving personal identity from membership in a like-minded group (eg. Deaf Culture) Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model of Disability Pros and Cons Pros: Accepts the disability completely and uses it as a point of pride Cons: Can be negated or brought down by feeling excluded by not fitting the groups expectations Charity Model of Disability Sees those with disability as unfortunate or needy and those that help as charitable and kind contributors Charity Model of Disability Pros and Cons Pros: inspires generosity Cons: condescending, person is an "object of pity", Often short-term fixes that sacrifice effective long-term solutions for the immediate effectiveness Sociopolitical Model of Disability activist model that emphasizes the need for human rights for people with disabilities How many people have a disability? 20% or 1 in 5 have some kind of disability deaf the condition of deafness, the partial or total hearing loss a person experiences from a medical perspective Deaf Deaf Culture or Deaf Community Cognitive Disabilities most common type of disability, can arise as a result of congenital conditions that are with an individual from birth, or developmental conditions that are with a person from a young age. They can also result from traumatic injury, infections, chemical imbalances, or other conditions later in life Dyslexia and Reading Disabilities cognitive disabilities experience difficulty reading. Some read at a lower level than their peers of the same age, and some can't read at all 5-17% of population, equally affects males and females Math Disabilities Some people experience math anxiety, which is an emotional or psychological fear that grips some people when confronted with math problems medical term(s); - dyscalculia (congenital or from injury): inability to compute - dysgraphia: inability to draw/chart affects 3-6% of the population Augmentative and Alternate Communication (AAC) - unaided: facial expressions, body lang. - aided: pen, paper, electronics - solutions to speech disorders Seizure Disabilities abnormal or erratic electrical impulses in the brain that interfere with a person's ability to process information or, in some cases, control voluntary muscle movement. Can be from physical reasons (drugs, dehydration, sleep, infections, fevers) or from flashing lights - epilepsy: recurring seizures (2% of pop. have at least 1 in their life) - photosensitivity epilepsy: when there are 16-25 images per second, 3% of people with epilepsy have photosensitivity epilsepsy) Psychological Disabilities vast range of emotional and mental conditions. These conditions are first diagnosed as "mental illness". and is then categorized as disability if it impacts life activities Percentage of the worldwide population with a disability 10-20% most sources Web Accessibility Principals P-Perceivable O- Operable U- Understandable R- Robust