BIOD 121 Portage module 3 Questions and Answers with complete solution

ositive energy balance - more calories consumed than expended negative energy balance - fewer calories consumed than expended hyperplasia - increase in number of cells (e.g., fat cells in childhood, pregnancy) hypertrophy - increase in cell size (low growth and maintenance, such as throughout adulthood) basal metabolic rate - the number of calories used by the body while in a fasting state accounts for approximately 60-70% of energy expenditure males 1kcal/kg/hr, femals 0.9kcal/kg/hr BMR Effectors - gender, lean body mass, body size, temperature, age, nervous system activity, levels of caffeine intake, and tobacco use age and BMR - declines by 1-2% per decade Thermic effect of food (TEF) - energy used for digestion and absorption of food and accounts for approximately 10% of the calories expended Thermogenesis - ability to regulate body temperature and activities such as fidgeting, maintaining body posture, and shivering small expenditure brown fat - found in infants below the collar bone metabolizes the energy yielding nutrients, which results in heat production to be used by the body more brown fat in lean adults