Ati Teas, ATI TEAS: Science| Question bank, Updated fall 2022 (All Verified Answers)

Ati Teas, ATI TEAS: Science| Question bank, Updated fall 2022 (All Verified Answers) What does the respiratory system do? Brings in oxygen to go into the cells, and picks up carbon dioxide to be removed from the bodyguard What are the 7 parts of the respiratory system? 1. Nose 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx (voice box) 4. Trachea (windpipe) 5. Bronchi 6. Bronchioles 7. Alveoli What are alveoli surrounded by to allow the exchange of O2 and CO2? Capillaries What is cilia? Tiny hairs in the nose and trachea that wave particles up away and out What is mucus? Something that keeps the air warm and moist but also traps particles How many alveoli does each lung have? 150 million What does hemoglobin do? Carries oxygen through the blood What is pleura? Sacs that surround the lungs What is the diaphragm? The muscle at the bottom of the thoracic cavity What happens during inhalation? Diaphragm moves down (contracts), rib cage rises, volume of chest cavity increases, air moves in to fill the space What happens during exhalation? Diaphragm moves up (relaxes), rib cage lowers, space becomes smaller, air is pushed out of lungs What does the medulla oblongata do? Controls breathing What is chronic bronchitis? Bronchi swell and become clogged with mucus What is emphysema? Tissues in lungs lose elasticity; tissues can't enough O2 or get rid of enough CO2 What is lung cancer? Cells that do not stop reproducing; can spread to other locations because lungs are so central and connected to so much; survival is generally less then 5 years from diagnosis What is heart disease? Blood vessels are constricted, blood pressure rises, heart has to work harder, heart wears out more quickly What is cystic fibrosis? Genetic (recessive); lungs can get clogged with mucous What is mesothelioma? Lungs become exposed to asbestos and lose elasticity What is elastic recoil? The ability for the alveoli to get filled with air then return to their normal shape once the air is released What is a spirometer? an instrument for measuring the air capacity of the lungs What is tidal volume? The amount of air taken in and breathed out in a typical breath What is supplemental volume? The xtra air that can be inhaled or exhaled with a deep breath What is reserve amount? The amount of extra air you can breathe out when you force air out of your lungs What is residual amount? The amount of air in your lungs that you cannot get rid of (even during forced exhaling) What is vital capacity? All the air you can control going in or out of your lungs (supplemental + reserve = vital) What is total capacity? From the top of your supplemental amount to the bottom of your residual volume Main idea the most important or central thought of a paragraph or larger section of text, which tells the reader what the text is about Topic a particular issue or idea that serves as the subject of a paragraph, essay, report, or speech -topic is the general subject of a paragraph -Topics are simple and are described with just a word or a phrase. -main idea is a complete sentence; it includes the topic What's the difference between a topic and main idea? Key ideas Ideas that support controlling idea Controlling idea -your opinion about the topic. - It helps the reader understand your purpose for writing the paragraph or essay Conclusion A deduction made by the reader about an unstated outcome from reading passage Inference A conclusion one can draw from the presented details. anatomical position a standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to each other, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward Cells The basic unit of structure and function in all living things Cellular functions Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and movement Directional terminology Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal, posterior, medial, etc.) organ system A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions. Organelle specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell Organ A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body Reference Planes Planes dividing the body to describe locations (ex: sagittal, coronal, and transverse) Tissue A group of similar cells that perform a specific function. Eukaryotic cells Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes. prokaryotic cell cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. (Bacteria) Ribosome site of protein synthesis Nucleus A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction Nucleolus Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes Cytoplasm A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended Gogli Apparatus organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages prooteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell Vacuole A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum creates lipids or fat Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for transport are assembled. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production DNA A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. RNA A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages Mitosis part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides -four-stage process that creates two identical cells from one original cell. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work Lysosomes cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell cell membrane thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell Cell wall found only in plant and bacteria this structure is found outside the cell membrane and serves as a more rigid protective barrier mRNA messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome 4 haploid gametes -Haploid describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. can also refer to the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which are also called gametes -In humans, gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes, each of which a one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells. Trachea The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs Meiosis Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms Prophase (mitosis) The first and longest stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. Metaphase (mitosis) The second stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere. Anaphase (Mitosis) The third stage of mitosis. In this stage the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are pulled apart. Telophase (mitosis) The fourth and last stage of mitosis. During this stage the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers disappear. Cytokinesis