The Chemical Basis of Life

The four most abundant elements in the human body are A. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and iron. B. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. C. calcium, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium. D. carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and zinc. E. carbon, sulfur, calcium, and potassium. 2. The smallest particle of an element that still exhibits the chemical characteristics of that element is a(n) A. electron. B. atom. C. chemical bond. D. orbital. E. proton. 3. Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are A. protons. B. electrons. C. neutrons. D. neutrinos. E. photons. 4. A neutral atom contains A. more protons than electrons. B. more electrons than protons. C. the same number of electrons and protons. D. only neutrons. E. None of these choices is correct. 5. Which of the following best describes a proton? A. one negative charge, no mass, found in orbitals B. no charge, mass of one, found in nucleus C. one positive charge, mass of one, found in nucleus D. subatomic particle with no electric charge E. None of these choices is correct. 6. The mass number of an atom is the number of A. protons in the atom. B. neutrons in the atom. C. protons plus electrons in the atom. D. electrons plus neutrons in the atom. E. neutrons plus protons in the atom. 7. An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. This atom will have A. 19 neutrons. B. 20 neutrons. C. 39 neutrons. D. 58 neutrons. E. 20 electrons. 8. An atom of chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Which of the following statements is true? A. Chlorine atoms have 18 electrons. B. Chlorine has a mass number of 35. C. Chlorine has an atomic number of 18. D. Chlorine has 35 electrons. E. Chlorine has an atomic number of 35. 9. Isotopes of the same element have A. the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons. B. different numbers of protons and electrons. C. the same mass number. D. the same atomic number but differ in their mass numbers. E. no mass number. 10. The amount of matter in an object is its A. mass. B. weight. C. density. D. volume. E. size. 11. The number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 is called A. Dalton's number. B. Socrates's number. C. Avogadro's number. D. Pasteur's number. E. Le Chatelier's number.