ATLS Module 6 practice questions with complete solutions: Head Trauma

Distribution of brain injuries in the ED 75% mild 15 moderate 10% severe Primary goal of treatment is what To prevent secondary brain injury (ABCDEs) Neurosurgical consolation table for patients with TBI Box 6-1 Monroe-Kellie Doctrine when one content in the skull increases, another must decrease to compensate and maintain normal ICP Dura mater thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord -Skull fractures lacerate the meningeal arteries, causing hemorrhage in the epidural space. MC= middle meningeal artery. arachnoid mater middle layer of the meninges named for the spider-web-like trabeculae that extend between it and the pia mater Subdural hematoma: veins beneath the surface of brain and venous sinus within dura tear, causing hemorrhage in subdural space. Pia Mater Attached to surface of brain Subarachnoid space: Between arachnoid and pia layers, filled with cerebrospinalfluid. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Brain contusion and/or injuries to major blood vessels at base of brain cause bleeding into subarachnoid space. Cerebrum parts Right and left hemispheres, including frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. Brainstem parts midbrain, pons, medulla, including cardiorespiratory centers Cerebellum connects to spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral hemispheres. Intracranial cavity is divided into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments.