Mod 2 68W Exam Questions and Answers

Inhalation - Answer- Also called inspiration. Diaphragm contracts and moves downward. Intercostal muscles contract and the ribcage expands. Negative pressure in the chest cavity causes air to rush into the lungs. ACTIVE process. Exhalation - Answer- Also called expiration. Diaphragm relaxes and moves up. Intercostal muscles relax and the ribcage moves inward. Decreasing size of the chest cavity forces air out. PASSIVE process. Hypercarbic Drive - Answer- normal respiratory control responds to CO2 levels in the arterial blood. You feel an urge to breath when CO2 level is high. Hypoxic Drive - Answer- in COPD (chronic obstructive pulminary disease) patients, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis, respiratory control responds to O2 levels in the arterial blood. You feel and urge to breath when O2 level is low. Respiration - Answer- the entire process of gas exchange. The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood (pulmonary respiration) and between the blood and the cells (cellular respiration). Also, simply breathing. Oxygenation - Answer- the process of getting oxygen to blood and cells Ventilation - Answer- the mechanical process of breathing - breathing in and out (inhalation and exhalation), or artificial provision of breaths Diffusion - Answer- Governs gas exchange. Things diffuse from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Patent Airway - Answer- An airway that is open and clear Carina - Answer- Split of the airway in bronchi Broncoconstriction - Answer- the constriction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages that results in a decreased internal diameter of the airway and increased resistance to airflow Stridor - Answer- High pitched sound generated from partially obstructed airflow in the upper airway Suction - Answer- use of a vacuum device to remove blood, vomitus, and other secretions or foreign materials from the airway. Generates 300 mmHg of vacuum, and has air intake or at least 30 liters per minute. Hypoxia - Answer- insufficiency of oxygen in the body's tissues alveolar ventilation - Answer- the amount of air that reaches the alveoli Pulmonary Respiration - Answer- the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries Cellular Respiration - Answer- the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood Respiratory Distress - Answer- increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath (#1) Respiratory Failure - Answer- the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life Respiratory Arrest - Answer- when breathing completely stops. Apneic. Chest not moving, can still have pulse. diaphoretic - Answer- sweaty tachypnea - Answer- too fast breathing Bradypnea - Answer- too slow breathing Artificial Ventilation - Answer- forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing. Also called positive pressure ventilation. Gastric Distention - Answer- filling of stomach with air during positive pressure ventilation. Hyperventilation - Answer- causes too much carbon dioxide to be blown off - causes vasoconstriction (narrowing blood vessels). FROPDV - Answer- Flow-Restricted, oxygen powered ventilation device. Does not know when lungs are full, dangerous. Bag Valve Mask (BVM) - Answer- facemask, self-refilling bag that can be squeezed to provide artificial ventilation to a patient. Can deliver air from atmosphere or oxygen from a supplemental oxygen supply system. Holds up to 1,000-,1600 mL of air. 5 seconds for adult, 3 seconds for children/infant Stoma - Answer- permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes. pressure regulator - Answer- device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient - 30-70 psi Flowmeter - Answer- valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute Constant flow selector valve - Answer- one used in classroom Pressure Compensate flowmeter - Answer- uses ball, clear Nonrebreather mask - Answer- face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers high concentration of oxygen. Patient's exhaled air escapes through valve and is not rebreathed. 80-90% O2 Nasal Cannula - Answer- device that delivers low concentrations of O2 into nose. For patient who refuses to wear NRB, this is better than nothing. 24-44% O2 Venturi Mask - Answer- Mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air. COPD Tracheostomy Mask - Answer- mask that