ASCP MB 2023/2024 ALREADY CORRECTLY ANSWERED -GRADED A+

E. coli RNA Polymerase II - Answer DNA template, product: mRNA RNA Polymerase I - Answer DNA template Location: Nucleous Products: 18s, 5.8s, 28s rRNA RNA Polymerase II - Answer DNA template Location: Nucleus Products: mRNA, snRNA RNA Polymerase III - Answer DNA template Location: Nucleus Product: tRNA, 5s rRNA, snRNA Mitochondrial RNA Polymerase - Answer DNA template, product: mRNA Mammalian DNA polymerase α - Answer DNA template, product: primers HCV RNA Polymerase - Answer RNA template, product: viral genome Dengue virus RNA Polymerase - Answer RNA template, product: viral genome Poly A Polymerase - Answer No template, product: Poly A tail 230 wavelength - Answer Contamination of organic compounds 270 wavelength - Answer Phenol contamination 280 wavelength - Answer Protein contamination >330 wavelength - Answer Particulate matter contamination Southern Blot - Answer DNA Target Nucleic acid probe Purpose: Paternity testing, gene discovery and mapping, mutation analysis and ID, gene structure Northern Blot - Answer RNA Target Nucleic acid probe Purpose: Determine transcript structure, processing, and gene expression Western Blot - Answer Protein Target Protein probe Purpose: Protein processing, gene expression Southwestern Blot - Answer Protein target DNA probe Purpose: DNA binding proteins, gene regulation Eastern blot - Answer Protein target Protein probe Purpose: Modification of Western blot using enzymatic detection (protein processing, gene expression), detection of specific agriculturally important proteins Far-eastern blot - Answer Lipid target No probe Purpose: Transfer separated lipids to membranes for analysis by mass spectometry PCR Primers - Answer Direct DNA synthesis to desired region PCR: dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP - Answer Building blocks that extend primers PCR KCl - Answer Salt for optimal hybridization of primers to template PCR: Tris buffer - Answer Buffer to maintain optimal pH for enzyme reaction PCR: MgCl2 - Answer Divalent cation, required by enzyme PCR Polymerase - Answer Polymerase enzyme that extends the primers, adds the dNTPs PCR: copies of template - Answer Sample DNA that is being tested Denaturation temps/time - Answer 90-96, 20-60 sec Annealing temps/time - Answer 50-70, 20-90 sec Extension temps/time - Answer 68-75/10-60 sec + - Answer gain - - Answer loss del - Answer deletion der - Answer derivative chromasome dup - Answer duplication ins - Answer insertion inv - Answer inversion i, iso - Answer isochromosome mat - Answer maternal origin pat - Answer paternal origin r - Answer ring chromosome t - Answer translocation tel - Answer telomere (end of chromosome arm) Bioinfo: Identity - Answer Extent to which 2 sequences are the same Bioinfo: Alignment - Answer Lining up 2+ sequences to search for maximal regions of identity in order to assess extent of relatedness/homology Bioinfo: Local alignment - Answer Alignment of some portion of 2 sequences Bioinfo: Multiple sequence alignment - Answer Alignment of 3+ sequences arranged with gaps so that common residues are aligned together Bioinfo: Optimal alignment - Answer Alignment of 2 sequences with best degree of identity Bioinfo: Conservation - Answer Specific sequence changes (usually protein sequence) that maintain properties of original sequence Bioinfo: Similarity - Answer Relatedness of sequences, % identity or conservation Bioinfo: Algorithm - Answer A fixed set of commands in computer program Bioinfo: Domain - Answer Discreet portion of a protein or DNA sequence Bioinfo: Motif - Answer Highly conserved short region in protein domains Bioinfo: Gap - Answer Space introduced in alignment to compensate for insertions or deletions in one of the sequences being compared Bioinfo: Homology - Answer Similarly attributed to descent from common ancestor Bioinfo: Orthology - Answer Homology in different species due to common ancestral gene Bioinfo: Paralogy - Answer Homology within the same species resulting from gene duplication Bioinfo: Query - Answer Sequence presented for comparison with all other sequences in selected database Bioinfo: Annotation - Answer Description of functional structures (introns/exons) in DNA or secondary structure or functional regions to protein sequences Bioinfo: Interface - Answer Point of meeting between computer and external entity (operator, perhipheral device, communications medium) Bioinfo: GenBank - Answer Genetic sequence database sponsored by NIH RFLP - Answer Restriction fragment length polymorphism VNTR - Answer variable number of tandem repeats