NR507 Week 7 Quiz (Actual test 100% verified with error-free answers)

Diabetes Type I Pathophysiology correct answers Autoimmune-mediated: environmental-genetic factors tiggers cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Idiopathic or non-immune: Secondary to other disease like pancreatitis. Autoantigens bind to beta cells and circulate blood and lymph-->Activation of T helper 1 + 2 lymphocytes-->Macrophages with releases of IL and TNFa, T cytotoxic cells, B lymphocytes to produce islet cells autoantibodies-->Destruction of beta cells with decreased insulin secretion. Diabetes Mellitus type 1 Classic Signs correct answers Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue. DM Causes correct answers Type I: Autoimmune: Environmental-Genetic predisposition Idiopathic: secondary to other disease (ex. pancreatitis) Type II: Genetic Predisposition Obesity BOTH: Lack of endogenous insulin Diabetes Insipidus Kidney Function correct answers Nephrgenic DI: inadequate response of the renal tubules to Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH). Acquired or genetic. Gradual onset. Urine output for DI: 8-12 L/Day. DM chronic complications correct answers Neuropathy Nephropathy Retinopathy Macrovascular Disease Infection Commons signs for DM Type I and Type II correct answers Polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue. DI caused by dysfunction of: correct answers Pituitary System DI Defined correct answers The inability to concentrate urine and the production of copious amounts of dilute urine. Pancreatic, insulin secreting cells correct answers Beta cells; endocrine gland. DM End Result on cellular level correct answers Cellular starvation d/t lack of glucose in cells-->liver stores of glycogen depleted-->use of fat and protein-->Ketones are byproduct of fat catabolism-->Diabetic Ketone Acidosis (DKA) due to ketone build up OR if less severe: Prevention of lysis of fats-->No ketone formation-->Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma (HHNK).