SCRN Prep Exam 2023 Questions and Answers

What was the role of the Brain Attack Coalition (BAC) in stroke care? - Answer- Founded by 17 neurosurgeons in 1991, they established standardized stroke care criteria based on evidence based practice Which organization provides criteria for a healthcare facility to become a primary stroke center? - Answer- The Brain Attack Coalition (BAC) Which 3 organizations provide certification for a healthcare facility to become to become a primary stroke center? - Answer- The Joint Commission (TJC), Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program (HFAP), and the Det Norse Vertias (DNV) How do the TJC, HFAP, and DNV all differ in terms of accrediting PSC's? - Answer- The HFAP accreditation is valid 1 year, TJC is valid 2 years, and DNV is valid 3 years Which states became the first to enact legislation for state-level PSC designation? - Answer- New York, Florida, New Jersey, and Massachusetts Which two stroke measures were not recognized as essential for achieving PSC status? - Answer- STK-7: Dysphagia screening and STK-9: Smoking cessation. Although important for preventing future incidents, the national quality forum (NQF) decided not to recognize these two measures as being essential. What are the 3 layers of the meninges? - Answer- Dura, Arachnoid, Pia What is the most common cause of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage? - Answer- Cerebral vessels in the subarachnoid space have aneurysms which then eventually rupture What functions do the frontal lobe serve? - Answer- Reasoning, emotions, judgment, and voluntary movement Where can the Broca's area be found within the brain? - Answer- Left inferior frontal lobe What purpose does the Broca's area serve? - Answer- Language production What is another term for the most anterior part of the frontal lobe? - Answer- Prefrontal lobe or prefrontal cortex What purpose does the prefrontal cortex serve? - Answer- Planning & initiation, personality, expressions, & moderation of social behaviors What purpose does the posterior section of the frontal lobe serve? - Answer- It contains motor neurons of the precentral gyrus aka motor strip What purpose doe the anterior section of the parietal lobe serve? - Answer- Contains the postcentral gyrus aka sensory cortex What purpose does the right section of the parietal lobe serve? - Answer- It is responsible for interpretation of the positions of the body in accordance to objects surrounding it (proprioception) What is proprioception? - Answer- Interpretation of the positions of the body in accordance to objects surrounding it What purpose does the left section of the parietal lobe serve? - Answer- Responsible for understanding numbers and manipulation of objects What functions does the occipital lobe contain? - Answer- Visual procession, color recognition, and motor perception What functions does the temporal lobe serve? - Answer- Hearing, memory, facial and object recognition, and receptive speech (Wernicke's area) What purpose does the Wernicke's area serve? - Answer- Language recognition What is a way to remember the purpose of the Broca's and Wernicke's areas? - Answer- Before I Speak, We must listen. The B and W, in the sentence represent the Broca and Wernicke area's respectively. Also, Broca's area comes first to signify it is in the frontal lobe. What parts of the brain make up the diencephalon? - Answer- Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Pituitary gland What functions does the thalamus contain? - Answer- The thalamus relays auditory, somatosensory, visual, and gustatory signals. It also influences arousal and consciousness What purpose does the basal ganglia serve? - Answer- Connection between motor cortex and brainstem, therefore, controlling voluntary movement and coordination of movement What structures are included in the brainstem? - Answer- Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata Which cranial nerves are located in the midbrain? - Answer- CN III & IV Which cranial nerves are located in the Pons? - Answer- CN V, VI, VII, & VIII Which cranial nerves are located in the medulla oblongata? - Answer- CN IX, X, & XII What is the pons responsible for controlling? - Answer- Sleep, respiratory drive, swallowing, bladder control, taste, eye movement, & facial expression What is the medulla oblongata responsible for controlling? - Answer- Controls respiratory rates, heart rates, & digestive process such as vomiting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and balance What is the main function of the cerebellum? - Answer- Balance What two major cerebral arteries does the internal carotid artery directly form on the Circle of Willis? - Answer- ACA and MCA Which vessel from the branch of the aorta leads into the internal carotid arteries? - Answer- The left and right common carotid arteries Which vessel from the branch of the aorta leads into the vertebral arteries? - Answer- The right and left subclavian artery. *Fun Fact* the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries do not stem from the aorta directly and instead bifurcate from the brachiocephalic artery Which 5 cerebral arteries make up the circle of Willis? - Answer- Internal carotid, ACA, Anterior communicating artery, PCA, & posterior communicating artery Which 3 cerebral arteries are not a part of the circle of Willis? - Answer- MCA, vertebral artery, and basilar artery What does the left and right vertebral artery merge into to form? - Answer- They converge at the level of the pons to form the basilar artery What cerebral arteries perfuse the anterior part of the brain including the cerebrum, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and majority of the parietal lobes? - Answer- ICA, MCA, ACA, What parts of the brain does the ICA perfuse? - Answer- It connects the aorta to the entire anterior portion of the brain What parts of the brain does the MCA perfuse? - Answer- Most of the frontal lobe and parietal lobes, inferior portion of the temporal lobe, and basal ganglia What parts of the brain does the ACA perfuse? - Answer- Medial portion of the frontal lobe, and the medial & superior portion of the parietal lobe, corpus callosum, and basal ganglia What cerebral arteries perfuse the anterior part of the brain including the posterior aspect of the parietal lobes, occipital lobe, cerebellum, and brain stem? - Answer- Vertebral Arteries, basilar artery, PCA What parts of the brain does the basilar artery perfuse? - Answer- Cerebellum (via branching arteries) and Pons What parts of the brain does the PCA perfuse? - Answer- Occipital lobe, inferior portion of the temporal lobe, and thalamus What artery is responsible for perfusing most of the parietal lobe? - Answer- MCA If the middle part of the parietal lobe were to lose perfusion, what symptoms could you expect? - Answer- People cannot tell the right from the left side (called right-left disorientation) and have problems with calculations and writing. They may have problems sensing where parts of their body are (a sense called proprioception) If the nondominant (usually right) part of the parietal lobe were to lose perfusion, what symptoms could you expect? - Answer- Damage would lead to people having an inability to perform simple skilled tasks such as combing hair or