Rel 1350 Weaver Final Test 2023

Revivalism in America - Dominant mode of religious expression in the U.S. First Great Awakening - A Revival of Puritan theology and the need for conscious religious experience seen in the First Great Awakening (first major "revival" in American history) of early 18th century Jonathan Edwards - Preacher from First Great Awakening. Calvinist. TULIP Calvinism. Focus on Glory of God and Total Depravity of Man. Calvinistic: Edwards' account entitled "A Surprising Work of God". Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (Edwards) - Edward's sermon describes the horrors of hell, uses spider to convince people. Hellfire and Brimstone - This type of preaching describing the horrors of hell would be used by later preachers in a more "loud" fashion. Second Great Awakening - A second religious fervor that swept the nation. It converted more than the first. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery. Frontier(location) Charles Finney - free will. Says God offered, but you can choose. New measures- praying for people by name. Pray for the sinner by name. The "right use of constituted means." Uses "new measures" New Measures - Calling out sinners by name, go the altar and pray, multiple services in a day. Peter Cartwright, frontier emotion called - Methodist itinerant evangelist. Frontier Emotion: Jerks. Free Will - Ability to shape your own life Arminian - Belief that salvation is offered to all humans but is conditional emphasizes predestination and unconditional election. Language of Revivalism: convert, saved, lost - later revivalists put more focus on free will and the preacher invites (gives an invitation at the end of the sermon) the sinner to come forward to ask for forgiveness of sin and receive Christ. This conscious religious experience of salvation is called a conversion and the person who experienced it is called a convert to the religious faith. The convert has been saved from his/her lost condition. The person who has this experience has been born again. Billy Graham: Sinner's Prayer - the most famous "revival" preacher of the 20th century (called an evangelist). Massive crusades worldwide. Unofficial chaplain to presidents. Graham emphasized that a person could say a "sinners prayer" and be saved at that moment. Slave Revolt: Nat Turner - Rebellion that involved killing 55-65 whites in Virginia. "Black messiah," caused the slaves have even less freedom. Abolitionist on the Bible - Bible is against oppression of any kind. Slavery passages were "permissive statues" that were superseded. Slave Revolt: Denmark Vesey - Revolt that was aborted in SC. Pro Slavery Argument: Argument as developed on handout. - Slavery is a civil institution. The abolitionists had pushed religion into the political realm where it did not belong. Secular reasoning- African inferiority was universally accepted. This meant different things: intellectual deficiencies, physical peculiarities, more sensual and licentious by nature. Some did say that Africans were primarily culturally deficient barbarians who had to be civilized, thus they were like children. But southerners thought the slaves potential to be equal only in abstract forms... Richard Furman's various views in his "Address" - Leading Baptist from SC. Says slaves should be treated kindly. Writes address to the governor of SC in which he set forth what became a classic model for all subsequent Bible-based Southern defenses of slavery. Key Biblical passages/Genesis, Ten Commandments, view of how Jesus approached issue - bible verses that go with Furman, Jesus' silent meant that it was okay with him / the mark that god set upon Cain, the eldest son of Adam. After Cain killed his brother Able out of jealousy, God punished Cain: Lest someone slay Cain and end his misery "the lord set a mark on Cain" The mark of Cain now refers to a persons sinful nature. was associated with black skin for some Formation of Southern Baptist Convention - May 8, 1845- William b Johnson- 1st president of convention said slavery was a civil issue but was pro slavery, he wrote appeal to public. Formed because slave owners couldn't be missionaries. Frederick Douglass - Said American Christianity was not the religion of Jesus. Peter Randolph - Wrote "From Slave Cabin to the Pulpit" and said slavery must not be forgotten. Critic of slavery / was an emancipated slave who worked as a Baptist minister and worked to aid fugitive slaves.