CETP Swallowing Disorders Exam Questions and Answers

CETP Swallowing Disorders Exam Questions and Answers Dysphagia - ANSWER Impaired swallowing Causes of dysphagia - ANSWER -Stroke (especially brainstem and anterior cortical strokes - result in poor motor control of structures involved in swallowing) -Oral and pharyngeal tumours -Various neurologic diseases, including Parkinson's, Huntington's, ALS, Multiple Sclerosis, progressive supranuclear palsy, myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, dystonia, and dementia -Surgical or radiation treatment of oral, pharyngeal, or laryngeal cancer; any form of brain, head, neck, or GI surgery -TBI -Cervical spine disease -Polio, COPD -Cerebral Palsy -Genetic factors (e.g., dysautonomia) -Side effects of certain prescription drugs (e.g., antispasticity, antipsychotic, antibiotic, antiparkinsonian, lipid lowering, antihistamine, corticosteroid, neuroleptic, etc.) Feeding vs Swallowing - ANSWER Feeding: Transportation of food from the plate to the mouth. Feeding disorders might be evident in individuals with motor impairment (e.g., paralyzed hands) or severe cognitive impairments. Swallowing: Transportation of food from the mouth to the stomach The four phases of swallowing - ANSWER -Oral preparation -Oral (or oral tansport) -Pharyngeal -Esophageal T/F: The four phases of swallowing are discrete events - ANSWER False -Mastication to eventual transportation of food from the mouth to the stomach is a continuous process with overlapping phases -Separated the phases for the sake of studying it Oral preparatory phase - ANSWER -Food placed in the mouth is masticated -Mastication is the chewing of solid or semi-solid food and mixing it with saliva -Well-masticated food is prepared for swallow in the oral prep phase by making a bolus (a rounded mass of food that is ready to be swallowed) Disorders of the oral prep phase - ANSWER -Problems with mastication due to reduced range of lateral and vertical tongue movement, reduced range of lateral mandibular movement, reduced buccal tension, and poor alignment of the mandible and maxilla