NCSF CPT Exam Prep Already Graded A

NCSF CPT Exam Prep Already Graded A What is the biomechanical term for the movement at the shoulder during a frontal raise? Shoulder Flexion What action is performed at the glenohumeral joint during the concentric phase of the pull up? Shoulder Adduction What is the primary movement performed during the concentric phase of the Romanian Deadlift? Hip Extension What is the prime mover during the front squat? Quadriceps Which type of pelvic tilt is used during the abdominal exercises targeting the rectus abdominis? Posterior Pelvic Tilt Which muscle functions as the antagonist during the standing calf raise exercise? Anterior Tibialis Which trunk muscle is the primary local stabilizer for the spine? Transverse Abdominis Where is the correct terminal pull position of the bar during the lat pull-down exercise? The chest What is the weight-bearing bone of the lower leg? Tibia In addition to trunk rotation, the obliques are also responsible for trunk ____________. Lateral Flexion The reverse lunge is performed in what movement plane? Sagittal What action is performed at the glenohumeral joint during the concentric phase of the dumbbell fly? Horizontal adduction What type of contraction must be performed by the erector spinae during the dumbbell bent-over row to maintain proper form? An isometric contraction During the downward phase of the leg press exercise, the quadriceps must perform that type of contraction? An eccentric contraction What is the normal curvature for the thoracic portion of the spine? Kyphotic An undesirable exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine is termed: Lordosis Bones are connected together by what type of connective tissue? Ligaments What rotator cuff muscle is responsible for internal rotation? Subscapularis The antagonist muscle group during the seated leg extension exercise is the: Hamstrings Identify a leg muscle that crosses more than one joint. Rectus Femoris - hip flexor/knee extensor; Bicep femoris - knee flexor/hip extensor; Gastrocnemius - plantar flexor/knee flexor Most injuries of the back occur at which portion of the spine? Lumbar region (lower back) The ____________ spine is found within the neck and upper back. Cervical The majority of movement limitation associated with poor flexibility is due to restriction within what tissue? Muscle fascia What rotator muscle performs the initial action of the humeral abduction in the frontal plane before the deltoid takes over as the primary mover? Supraspinatus The trunk flexors and extensors should maintain a strength balance ratio of _________ for optimal joint health, posture and injury prevention in the region. 1:1 The shoulder flexors and extensors should maintain a strength balance ratio of ________ for optimal joint health, posture and performance in the region. 2:3 What type of muscle tissue controls involuntary contractions within the vascular and digestive system? Smooth muscle tissue What gluteal muscle(s) can function as hip abductors? Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus Rotation of the trunk occurs in which movement plane? Transverse What joint within the upper extremities is located distal to the elbow? Wrist Internal rotation is also termed ____________ rotation. Medial The term superior, when used as an anatomical term, means: Above or higher than another structure The midline of the body splits it into two sides, while the mid-axillary line splits it into: Front and back halves The shoulders and hips are categorized as ____________ joint while the knees and elbows are categorized as ____________ joints. Ball-and-socket; hinge What is the only fuel source that can be used during anaerobic metabolism? Sugar (Glucose, Carbohydrates, CHO) ____________ serve as the primary fuel for exercise, while ____________ are primarily used during rest and low-intensity physical activity. Carbohydrates; lipids (fats) Aerobic metabolism can occur using what type of fuel sources? Carbohydrates, fats, protein, ad various associated substrates (lactate & pyruvate) What is the primary fuel source during 1) vertical jump; 2) a 3RM deadlift; 3) a 10-second sprint? 1) stored ATP; 2) stored creatine phosphate; 3) stored creatine phosphate What are the primary storage sites for glycogen within the body? Skeletal muscle (~400g) and the liver (~95g) How much rest is needed to fully recover from an exercise that significantly drains creatine phosphate stores within a muscle? 2-5 minutes As a client increases their VO2 max, he or she will have a lower __________ during any sub-maximal exercise intensity; this is mainly attributed to an increase in __________. Heart rate; stroke volume Cardiac output is a product of: Heart rate x Stroke volume Cellular metabolism using oxygen and various substrates for fuel occurs in the: Mitochondria What muscle fiber type has the lowest capacity to produce force? Type-I (slow-twitch oxidative) Slow oxidative muscle fibers have the smallest relative __________ and are primarily fueled via __________ metabolism. Diameter; aerobic Following high-intensity exercise, a client may continue to burn additional calories for a number of hours due to a phenomenon known as: Excessive Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) What mineral is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate the cascade of events leading to a muscular contraction? Calcium What type of fatigue is associated with reduced muscle glycogen storage following localized muscular work? Peripheral fatigue How is force production improved through neural adaptations? Increased motor unit recruitment, faster firing rates, and improved syncrhonicity Identify at least three primary causes of short-term (acute) muscular fatigue between sets. Exhaustion of ATP/CP reserves; Tissue acidity; Insufficient oxygen (ischemia); Reduced enzyme activity; Tubular system disturbances If excess tension is placed upon a given muscle, ____________ send inhibitory signals to reduce motor unit activity and protect tissue from potential damage. Golgi tendon organs __________ is the hormone released from the pancreas to help control blood glucose levels; it also helps inhibit fat use when in circulation. Insulin __________ is an adrenal hormone released in response to high physiological or psychological stress. It limits carbohydrates uptake, disrupts protein-sparing mechanism and can suppress immune system function when chronically released at elevated levels. Cortisol What hormone released from the liver in response to appropriately-devised hypertrophy training signals the body to increase protein synthesis? Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) Identify three anabolic hormones that are released in response to heavy, strenuous resistance training. Testosterone, growth hormone, IGF-1 Throwing a medicine ball for distance requires what type of muscular contraction? Ballistic Holding one's breath to increase stability while lifting a heavy load is referred to as the _______________. Valsalva maneuver The ______________________ is an estimate of myocardial oxygen demand and relative stress placed upon the heart. Rate Pressure Product (RPP); Systolic BP x Heart Rate Myocardial Infarction, stroke and atherosclerosis are all major forms of ____________________ disease. Cardiovascular An increase in ____________ cholesterol has been shown to be a risk factor for heart disease. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) Exercise is recommended as a major treatment component for individuals with Type II diabetes because of its positive impact on ______________ as well as weight loss. Insulin sesnitivity What type of training is best for increasing bone mineral density? Resistance training ____________ fat storage increases the risk for hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Visceral (Android) What disease is diagnosed by a reduction in bone mineral density of at least 2.5 standard deviations below the average for a given age range? Osteoporosis (Osteopenia - 1.5 standard deviations) Identify four standard recommendations for helping client with hypertension. Decrease sodium intake, increase potassium intake, perform aerobic exercise most days of the week, and lose body weight What performance-related component of fitness is most associated with maintaining independence among older adults? Power Compliance is a term used to describe _____________ tissue function, and is associated with cardiovascular health. Vascular ________ blood pressure is measured at the arterial wall during a contraction of the heart. Systolic __________ activities and longer warm-ups are recommended for clients with osteoarthritis. Low-impact Female obesity is defined by a body fat percentage of at least _____. 32% (25% for males) The medical referral values for hypertension include a resting systolic blood pressure of at least ________ mmHg and/or resting diastolic blood pressure at least ______ mmHg 160, 100 Regular physical exercise has been shown to directly reduce the risk of what type of cancer? Colon Improvements in which health-related component of fitness is most associated with reduced risk for overall mortality (potential increase in lifespan)? Cardiorespiratory fitness A 30 year-old client with an estimated VO2max of 32 ml/kg/min would be considered to have what level of cardiorespiratory fitness? Below average _________ is considered the gold standard for body composition assessment and is used to determine the standard estimation of error (SEE) for other predictive assessment methods. Hydrostatic (underwater) weighing A common assessment of upper body muscular endurance is the __________. Push-up test What type of blood pressure medication can reduce a client's heart rate response to exercise suppressing myocardial vigor? Beta-blockers What screening form should be presented to the client prior to any exercise participation to provide him or her with the opportunity to understand the risk, benefits, rationale, and expectations associated with the program? Informed consent The Health Status Questionnaire (HSQ) provides what specific information to the trainer? General client information, current medical information, self-reported health status, medical history, self-reported physical fitness and psychological stress considerations If it is necessary to implement all resting and physical tests on the same day, in what order should the tests be performed to promote maximal validity? 1. Resting & non-fatiguing tests (balance) 2. Power & strength tests 3. Muscular endurance tests 4. Anaerobic capacity tests 5. Aerobic tests If attempting to estimate body fat for a visibly obese client, __________ should not be used due to potential for low validity and psychological invasiveness. Skinfold measurements Sub-maximal tests can be used to estimate a person's aerobic capacity due to the linear relationship between __________ and oxygen consumption. Heart rate A __________ test can be used to accurately measure lower-body power. Vertical jump