Arrhythmias - Summary Notes

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Arrhythmias NORMAL CONDUCTION

Irregular Tachycardias:
Atrial Fibrillation
rapid, disorganised electrical
activity in atria, 100-150 bym.

Paroxysmal AF:egisodic,
lasting less than 7 days.
AF:can be resolved with Cardioversion.
Persistent
PerminentAF:cannot be resolved with Cardioversion.


Irregular rhythm/no p-waves. Causes:
On ECG,
Irregularly
·

seen as
·
Increases risk of stroke 5, 20% of all strokes caused by AF. Heart Failure caffeine
- -



x


Hyperthyroid IHD
- -




Treatment:
-



alcohol
-

HTN


If
haemodynamically unstable, rhythm with cardioversion immediately.
·

restore sinus



(a channel blocker to slow HR. than one needed
Drugs: -B-blocker, OR often drug
·

more



-anticoagulation (e.g. DOACs/Warfarin) to
improve prognosis/reduce stroke risk.

Digoxin.
-




be cured with Ablation.
·
can



Ablation heating or freezing cardiac tissue with catheter to form scarring,
-




preventing conduction abnormal electric signals.
of


·
used to cure AF, SVTs.


Cardioversion/Defibrillation -




depolarising whole heartto restore sinus
rhythm.
·
used in AF, VF, VT.




ventricular Fibrillation
rapid, disorganised electrical
activity in ventricles, 300 barn with no pulse.

commonly follows an M1- must be defibrillated before 99C1 is done.
·
most

compatible with life-sinus rhythm must be restored within few mins with DC shock.
·
not


Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD)
· -




Pec-implanted defibrillator thatprevents sudden death in patients prone to VF.

VF