Test Bank for Juvenile Delinquency Theory, Practice,

True / False 1. The effects on children’s cognitive achievement, educational attainment, nutrition, physical and mental health, and social behavior due to poverty are limited. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 2. The U.S. is still one of the few democracies in the world that will put a juvenile offender to death for a capital offense. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 3. The superego, according to Freud, is formed when youths develop a full sense of the self, combining how they see themselves and how they fit in with others. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 4. Ego identity and role diffusion are used interchangeably to describe how juveniles tend to give in to peer pressure through their early teen years. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 5. By age 18, American youths have spent more time in front of a television than in the classroom. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 6. Based on current social mechanisms that have been put in place over the last decade, child poverty in the United States no longer has a long-lasting negative effect on children’s cognitive achievement, educational attainment, and overall physical and mental health. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 7. Today’s youths appear to be drinking less alcohol and taking fewer drugs when compared to previous generations. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 8. The study of juvenile delinquency involves a variety of social problems faced by youth; it does not extend to the analysis of the various components of the justice system such as law enforcement. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 9. As soon as they were physically able to do so, children of peasants were expected to engage in adult roles. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 10. During the Middle Ages high infant mortality rates kept parents from emotionally bonding with their children. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 11. The federal law known as the “Factory Act” sought to formally limit the number of hours children were permitted to work, but did nothing to address school attendance. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 12. Early English jurisprudence held that children under the age of 6 were legally incapable of committing crimes. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 13. Voluntary apprentices were bound out by parents or guardians who wished to secure training for their children. a. True b. False ANSWER: True