Test Bank for Microbiology The Human Experience 1st Edition By John W. Foster Zarrintaj Aliabadi Joan L. Slonczewski

Test Bank for Microbiology The Human Experience 1st Edition By John W. Foster Zarrintaj Aliabadi Joan L. Slonczewski. Chapter 01: Microbes Shape Our History MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of microorganisms? a. nitrogen fixation c. synthesis of vitamins b. production of fermented foods d. causative agents of disease ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1a Describe how we define a microbe, and explain why the definition is a challenge. MSC: Remembering 2. A microbe that is 50 nm in size would most likely be a. fungi. c. virus. b. E. coli. d. algae. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. MSC: Applying 3. Based on the figure shown, the type of organism indicated with an arrow could be a a. virus. c. macroscopic fungi. b. bacteria. d. large ameba. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. MSC: Applying 4. Based on the figure, the type of organism shown is a(n) a. virus. c. archaea. b. bacteria. d. eukaryote. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. MSC: Applying 5. Which of the following demonstrates correct scientific notation of a bacterial organism? a. Staphylococcus Epidermidis c. Staphylococcus epidermidis b. Staphylococcus epidermidis d. Staphylococcus Epidermidis ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. MSC: Applying 6. Which key characteristic differentiates a prokaryote from a eukaryote? a. the absence of proteins b. the presence of DNA c. the absence of membrane-bound organelles d. the presence of a cell wall ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. MSC: Remembering 7. Which of the following methods for classifying life forms can best be used to distinguish between two closely related rod-shaped bacterial organisms, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli? a. physical characteristics c. DNA sequence comparison b. method of reproduction d. environmental habitat ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. MSC: Applying 8. Which of the following is always classified as a eukaryote? a. papillomavirus c. Escherichia coli b. methanogen d. yeast ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. MSC: Understanding 9. Which of the following has been used as a tool for gene therapy? a. viruses c. protozoa b. archaea d. fungi ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. MSC: Understanding 10. Which of the following would you not expect to find in the human digestive tract? a. archaea c. bacteria b. algae d. intestinal viruses ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. MSC: Understanding 11. Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic drugs that function by inhibiting an important cellular structure or process of an organism that is causing an infection. Which of the following would not be affected by an antibiotic that targets cellular metabolic enzymes? a. Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria c. ameba b. Herpes virus d. bread mold ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1c Define viruses, and explain how they relate to living cells. MSC: Analyzing 12. Which scientist is credited with constructing the first microscope? a. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek c. Robert Hooke b. Catherine of Siena d. Louis Pasteur ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2a Explain how microbial diseases have changed human history. MSC: Remembering 13. Which of the following was an unexpected benefit of the bubonic plague? a. There was no benefit to the bubonic plague. b. The population of Europe experienced a baby boom. c. It resulted in a better understanding of aseptic practices and how to prevent the spread of infection. d. The population decline enabled the cultural advancement of the Renaissance. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2a Explain how microbial diseases have changed human history. MSC: Understanding 14. Which of the following organisms would you NOT be able to see using Robert Hooke’s microscope? a. vinegar eels c. mold filaments b. dust mites d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2a Explain how microbial diseases have changed human history. MSC: Understanding 15. Which of the following is NOT an explanation for the centuries it took between Leeuwenhoek observing microorganisms with his microscope and the discovery that microbes are capable of causing disease? a. Microbes are found everywhere. b. Bacteria appeared similar to sperm and blood cells under the microscope. c. Microorganisms are capable of existing through spontaneous generation. d. Diseases were not a problem in the world until long after the discovery of microorganisms. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2a Explain how microbial diseases have changed human history. MSC: Applying 16. If Spallanzani had unknowingly poked a hole in the top of his flask of meat broth, what would this have implied about the theory of spontaneous generation? a. No growth would have occurred in the flask, refuting the theory of spontaneous generation. b. No growth would have occurred in the flask, supporting the theory of spontaneous generation. c. Growth would have occurred in the flask, refuting the theory of spontaneous generation. d. Growth would have occurred in the flask, supporting the theory of spontaneous generation. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2b Describe how microbes participate in human cultural practices such as production of food and drink. MSC: Applying 17. What would John Tyndall have needed to use to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation with his experiments? a. a swan-neck flask c. an autoclave b. a microscope d. organic media ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2b Describe how microbes participate in human cultural practices such as production of food and drink. MSC: Applying 18. Which of the following theories was the Miller experiment designed to test? a. the endosymbiotic origin of life b. the idea that all the chemicals found in early Earth could have come together to form the basic components of cellular life c. spontaneous generation d. the RNA world hypothesis ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2a Explain how microbial diseases have changed human history. MSC: Understanding 19. Why did fewer soldiers die from infectious disease during the Crimean War in the winter months? a. Pathogens do not multiply as quickly in colder temperatures. b. Pathogens do not multiply as quickly in wet environments. c. Soldiers have fewer close interactions with other individuals during the winter months. d. Chemical agents used to treat and prevent infections do not function effectively in warmer temperatures. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3b Explain how Florence Nightingale first drew a statistical correlation between infectious disease and human mortality. MSC: Applying 20. Based on the figure below, approximately what percentage of the hospitalizations in week 43 resulted in deaths? a. 80% c. 20% b. 40% d. 4% ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3b Explain how Florence Nightingale first drew a statistical correlation between infectious disease and human mortality. MSC: Analyzing 21. What is the causative agent of the infectious disease used to establish Koch’s postulates? a. Streptococcus pyogenes c. Helicobacter pylori b. Bacillus anthracis d. Chlamydia trachomatis ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3c Explain how Koch’s postulates can show that a specific kind of microbe causes a disease. MSC: Remembering 22. Why was the selection of anthrax by Robert Koch a fortunate one? a. The microbe that causes it multiplies slowly. b. The microbe that causes it multiplies to a high concentration in the kidneys. c. The microbe that causes it is not dangerous to humans. d. The microbe that causes it can remain infective outside the body for long periods. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3c Explain how Koch’s postulates can show that a specific kind of microbe causes a disease. MSC: Applying 23. The arrow in the figure shows a(n) a. gelatin suspension. c. colony. b. endospore. d. cell. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3c Explain how Koch’s postulates can show that a specific kind of microbe causes a disease. MSC: Understanding 24. The first vaccination was done to prevent a. AIDS. c. tuberculosis. b. smallpox. d. anthrax. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3c Explain how Koch’s postulates can show that a specific kind of microbe causes a disease. MSC: Remembering 25. Which of the following techniques is effective in creating an attenuated version of a pathogen useful for vaccinations? a. putting a liquid culture of the pathogen in the freezer b. heating an aged culture of the pathogen c. homogenizing a culture of the pathogen d. exposing a culture of the pathogen to nuclear radiation ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3c Explain how Koch’s postulates can show that a specific kind of microbe causes a disease. MSC: Understanding 26. Regarding the natural source for the production of antibiotics, the best weapon we have against pathogenic microorganisms is a. medical doctors. b. acclaimed scientific researchers. c. other microorganisms that can exist with the pathogenic microorganisms. d. the CDC. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3c Explain how Koch’s postulates can show that a specific kind of microbe causes a disease. MSC: Understanding 27. What is happening in the figure shown? a. The mold on the left is producing a compound that inhibits the growth of the bacterial colonies on the right. b. The mold on the left is outcompeting the bacterial cells for nutrients and therefore is growing faster. c. The bacterial cells on the right are inhibiting the growth of the mold on the left. d. The mold and bacterial cells are growing in a symbiotic relationship. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3c Explain how Koch’s postulates can show that a specific kind of microbe causes a disease. MSC: Applying 28. Warts are a common skin condition caused by an organism that cannot be grown in pure culture on an agar petri dish and is small enough to pass through a tiny-pored filter. What is the causative agent of warts? a. a bacterium c. an archaea b. a virus d. a fungus ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3c Explain how Koch’s postulates can show that a specific kind of microbe causes a disease. MSC: Applying