Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care GRADED A+
MODULE 001 Q & A 2023 verified
What are the 5 stages of fetal development? correct answers 1. Embryonal (day 26 - day 52)
2. Pseudoglandular (day 52 - week 16)
3. Canilicular (week 17 - week 26)
4. Saccular (week 26 - week 36)
5. Alveolar (week 36 - term)
When do the lungs emerge as a bud from the pharynx? correct answers Embryonal stage
What continues until the end of the embryonal stage? correct answers Subdivisions of airway branching.
How many prenatal and postnatal divisions are there? correct answers 17 prenatal division and 6
postnatal division
What week does the diaphragm develop?
What week does the heart develop? correct answers Week 7
Week 8
What develops during the pseudoglandular stage? correct answers Conducting airways, cilia, goblet
cells, submucosal glands, and cartilage,
Where do cilia appear? correct answers On the surface of the epithelium of the trachea and mainstream
bronchi
During what stage are the terminal and respiratory bronchioles differentiated? correct answers
Pseudoglandular stage
What is the function of goblet cells? correct answers They secrete mucus. (They are column shaped and
are located in the respiratory tract)
What develops during the canalicular stage? correct answers Growth of vascular bed and surfactant
production begins
What is a vascular bed? correct answers Where vascular channels (capillaries) begin to form a capillary
network around air passages.
When is a fetus viable? What stage? Aka extrauterine viability correct answers At 22-24 weeks;
canalicular stage
What developes in the saccular stage? correct answers Mature alveoli (can be seen at 32 weeks and are
present at 36 weeks)
When does the alveolar stage end? correct answers 18 months postnatal
, Babies are born with ______ - ______ % of their adult alveoli? correct answers 15-20%
Do boys or girls have more alveoli? correct answers Boys
What stages are difficult to distinguish between one another? correct answers Alveolar stage and
saccular stage.
When does maturation of alveoli take place? correct answers After birth
What is responsible for the production, storage, and secretion of surfactant? correct answers Type II
pneumocytes
What is surfactant composed of? correct answers Phospholipids (80%)
Protein (10-20%)
Cholesterol (a hint)
What week is surfactant produced? correct answers Week 24 (canalicular stage)
What is the function of surfactant? correct answers 1. To reduce surface tension in alveolus
2. Maintain alveolar stability
3. Prevent atelectasis
Inadequate levels of surfactant may be caused by? correct answers 1. Prematurity
2. Hypoxia
3. Malnutrition
4. Maternal diabetes
Decreased levels of surfactant can result in what problems in neonates? correct answers 1. Reduced
lung compliance
2. Decreased FRC
3. Increased WOB
4. Increased oxygen consumption
(These problems together contribute to RDS)
More than ______% of alveoli will continue to develop after birth? correct answers 80%
What factors affect prenatal/postnatal lung growth? correct answers 1. Hypoxia/hypoxemia
2. Nutrition
3. Hyperoxia causing oxygen toxicity
4. Maternal smoking history
What affects the size and weight of the fetus but not the maturation of the alveoli and airways? correct
answers Growth retardation
What is pulmonary hypoplasia? correct answers The failure of the lungs to develop in utero
What are causes of decreased lung development? correct answers 1. Compression (due to conditions
such as diaphragmatic hernia or chest wall abnormalities)
MODULE 001 Q & A 2023 verified
What are the 5 stages of fetal development? correct answers 1. Embryonal (day 26 - day 52)
2. Pseudoglandular (day 52 - week 16)
3. Canilicular (week 17 - week 26)
4. Saccular (week 26 - week 36)
5. Alveolar (week 36 - term)
When do the lungs emerge as a bud from the pharynx? correct answers Embryonal stage
What continues until the end of the embryonal stage? correct answers Subdivisions of airway branching.
How many prenatal and postnatal divisions are there? correct answers 17 prenatal division and 6
postnatal division
What week does the diaphragm develop?
What week does the heart develop? correct answers Week 7
Week 8
What develops during the pseudoglandular stage? correct answers Conducting airways, cilia, goblet
cells, submucosal glands, and cartilage,
Where do cilia appear? correct answers On the surface of the epithelium of the trachea and mainstream
bronchi
During what stage are the terminal and respiratory bronchioles differentiated? correct answers
Pseudoglandular stage
What is the function of goblet cells? correct answers They secrete mucus. (They are column shaped and
are located in the respiratory tract)
What develops during the canalicular stage? correct answers Growth of vascular bed and surfactant
production begins
What is a vascular bed? correct answers Where vascular channels (capillaries) begin to form a capillary
network around air passages.
When is a fetus viable? What stage? Aka extrauterine viability correct answers At 22-24 weeks;
canalicular stage
What developes in the saccular stage? correct answers Mature alveoli (can be seen at 32 weeks and are
present at 36 weeks)
When does the alveolar stage end? correct answers 18 months postnatal
, Babies are born with ______ - ______ % of their adult alveoli? correct answers 15-20%
Do boys or girls have more alveoli? correct answers Boys
What stages are difficult to distinguish between one another? correct answers Alveolar stage and
saccular stage.
When does maturation of alveoli take place? correct answers After birth
What is responsible for the production, storage, and secretion of surfactant? correct answers Type II
pneumocytes
What is surfactant composed of? correct answers Phospholipids (80%)
Protein (10-20%)
Cholesterol (a hint)
What week is surfactant produced? correct answers Week 24 (canalicular stage)
What is the function of surfactant? correct answers 1. To reduce surface tension in alveolus
2. Maintain alveolar stability
3. Prevent atelectasis
Inadequate levels of surfactant may be caused by? correct answers 1. Prematurity
2. Hypoxia
3. Malnutrition
4. Maternal diabetes
Decreased levels of surfactant can result in what problems in neonates? correct answers 1. Reduced
lung compliance
2. Decreased FRC
3. Increased WOB
4. Increased oxygen consumption
(These problems together contribute to RDS)
More than ______% of alveoli will continue to develop after birth? correct answers 80%
What factors affect prenatal/postnatal lung growth? correct answers 1. Hypoxia/hypoxemia
2. Nutrition
3. Hyperoxia causing oxygen toxicity
4. Maternal smoking history
What affects the size and weight of the fetus but not the maturation of the alveoli and airways? correct
answers Growth retardation
What is pulmonary hypoplasia? correct answers The failure of the lungs to develop in utero
What are causes of decreased lung development? correct answers 1. Compression (due to conditions
such as diaphragmatic hernia or chest wall abnormalities)
