NURSING 706 - TNCC pp5 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS.

TNCC pp5 final exam questions and answers What roles are vital to a trauma team? -The patient -The team leader -Core team -Contigency and support services What are the characteristics of an effective team? - Clear roles and responsibilities - Shared mental model - Optimize resources - Strong team leadership - Engage in regular discipline of feedback - Strong sense of collective trust and confidence - Create mechanisms to cooperate and coordinate - Manage and optimize performance outcomes -Interdependent and adaptive What are key foundations to successful teamwork in the care of the trauma patient? ... What tools can be used to promote communication within a t eam structure? What are the benefits of each? - Brief: designed to form the team, designate team roles and responsibilities, establish climate and goals, and engage the team in short and long -term planning - Huddle: ideally convened prior to trauma patien t's arrival; communicate critical issues and emerging events, anticipate outcomes and likely contingencies, assign resources, express concerns - Debrief: process improvement Define trauma Injury to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent; creates stres sors that exceed tissue or organ's ability to compensate Define epidemiology Study of factors that determine and influence the frequency and distribution of injury, disease, and other health -related events and their causes in a defined human population When is the potential for traumatic injury present? Whenever energy comes in contact with the human body Define kinematics The study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or intentional injuries Define biomechanics The general study of for ces and their effects Define mechanism of injury How external forces are transferred to the body, resulting in injury Define potential energy Stored energy; "at rest" Define kinetic energy Energy in motion Describe Newton's First Law of Motion A body at re st will remain at rest, and a body in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force (energy) Describe Newton's Second Law of Motion (F)orce = (m)ass x (a)cceleration; It takes more force to move a heavy object Describe Newton's Third Law of Motion For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction resulting from the transfer of energy Describe the Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change form What are the five forms in which energy exist? - Mechanical: direct impact of an object - Thermal - Chemical - Electrical - Radiant The consequences of mechanical energy are directly related to __________ energy Kinetic Kinetic Energy (KE) is equal to 1/2 the mass multiplied by the velocity squared In other words: when mass is doubled, energy is doubled; when velocity is doubled, energy is quadrupled Kinetic Energy formula KE=1/2mv^2 Differentiate between internal and external forces of energy transfer in the context or trauma. External forces are how energy can impact the body (e.g., deceleration, acceleration, compression). Internal forces represent the ability of the body to withsta nd external forces. How do internal forces protect the body from injury? - Compression strength: ability of tissue to resist crush injury or force - Tensile strength: ability to resist being pulled apart when stretched - Shear strength: ability to resist a force applied parallel to the tissue List four main types of traumatic injury - Blunt trauma - Penetrating trauma - Thermal trauma - Blast trauma Examples of blunt trauma Falls MVA Vehicle vs. pedestrian collisions Assaults *Can result from broad energ y impacts across large surface areas and involve energy transfer causing deceleration or acceleration *Greater distance of transfer diminishes deleterious impacts, and the more focused the impact, the greater the damage