ATI FINAL MEDICAL SURGICAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ATI FINAL MEDICAL SURGICAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has tuberculosis and prescriptions for rifampin and ethambutol. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an adverse effect of these medications that the client should report to the provider? a. ANSWER: decreased visual acuity b. RATIONALE: The nurse should identify optic neuritis as an adverse effect of ethambutol. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for changes in visual acuity or color identification as indications of optic neuritis to report to the provider. This adverse effect necessitates termination of ethambutol therapy because irreversible blindness can result. 2. A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory report. The client's ABG levels are pH 7.5, PaCO2 32 mm HG, and HCO3- 24 mEq/L. The nurse should determine that the client has which of the following acid-base imbalances? a. ANSWER: respiratory alkalosis b. RATIONALE: The nurse should identify that the client’s pH is elevated above the expected reference range of 7.35 to 7.45, indicating alkalosis. The nurse should then identify that the client’s PaCO2 is low, below the expected reference range of 35 to 45 mm Hg, which indicates a respiratory origin. The nurse should conclude that the client’s elevated pH and decreased PaCO2 indicate respiratory alkalosis. 3. A nurse is providing teaching about antiretroviral medication therapy to a client who has a new diagnosis of AIDS. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? a. ANSWER: you should take antiretroviral medications on a routine schedule b. RATIONALE: The nurse should inform the client of the need to take antiretroviral therapy exactly as prescribed and to avoid delaying or skipping any doses, which can result in medication resistance. 4. A nurse is planning care for a client during a sickle cell crisis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? a. ANSWER: encourage increase fluid intake b. RATIONALE: The nurse should encourage increased fluid intake to promote hydration because dehydration increases the viscosity of the blood, which can increase sickling and client discomfort. 5. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has stomatitis due to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching? a. ANSWER: I will use lemon and glycerine swabs after meals b. RATIONALE: The nurse should identify that this client statement indicates a need for further teaching. The nurse should instruct the client who has stomatitis to avoid the use of lemon-glycerine swabs because they cause drying and irritation of the mucous membranes. 6. A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who reports developing severe right eye pain with a gritty sensation while sawing wood. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?