Comprehensive Perinatal & Pediatric Respiratory
Care Ch: 14, 15, 16, 17. GRADED A+ 2023
Rescue surfactant is given: correct answers D).After the onset of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
symptoms
Artificial surfactant is best administered: correct answers A). Directly instilled into the endotracheal tube
(ETT)
The major advantage to High Frequency Ventilation (HFV) is: correct answers C). Reduced barotrauma
The convective movement of a tidal volume that is larger than dead space is achieved with: correct
answers A). High-Frequency Positive Pressure Ventilation (HFPPV)
All of the following are hazards of HFV except: correct answers B). Hypertension
While managing a patient receiving High Frequency Oscillating Ventilation (HFOV) the respiratory care
practitioner notices that the PaO2 is decreased. This can be corrected by all of the following EXCEPT:
correct answers C) Increasing the amplitude
Which of the following HFV methods requires the use of an adapted ETT? correct answers C). High-
Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV)
Which of the following describes the venoarterial route of Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS)? correct
answers C). Blood is taken from the right atrium and returned to the aortic arch
Two criteria used to determine potential Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) patients are: correct
answers D). A-a gradient and the oxygen index
The most common complication of Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) is: correct answers B). Bleeding
An advantage to the use of negative pressure ventilation is: correct answers D). Reduced
cardiopulmonary complications
Which of the following is NOT true regarding partial liquid ventilation? correct answers A). Reduces
infection
CPAP increases FRC by: correct answers A) Physically holding the alveoli open during exhalation
Of the following, which is the MOST common device used to apply CPAP to the neonate? correct
answers D) Nasal Prongs
Which of the following would indicate a failure of CPAP?
1. PaO2 less than 50 mm Hg with an FiO2 of 0.80 to 1.0 and CPAP of 10 to 12 cm H2O
2. PaCO2 greater than 55 mm Hg
3. Marked retractions
, 4. Frequent apnea spells
5. Reduced FiO2 needs correct answers I. PaO2 less than 50 mm Hg with an FiO2 of 0.80 to 1.0 and CPAP
of 10 to 12 cm H2O; III. Marked retractions;
IV. Frequent apnea spells
Determination of adequate levels of PIP is initially determined by: correct answers A) Chest excursion,
breath sounds and PaO2
Changing which of the following ventilator parameters would NOT alter minute ventilation? correct
answers B) Expiratory time
Which of the following parameters has the greatest influence on mean airway pressure (MAP)? correct
answers B) PEEP
The respiratory care practitioner receives blood gas results on a ventilated infant. The PaCO2 is 48 mm
Hg and previously it was 43 mm Hg. A proper ventilation change would be: correct answers B) Increase
the rate by 5 BPM or the PIP by 2 cm H2O
The main advantage in using volume-cycled ventilation with neonates is: correct answers D) Delivery of
a consistent tidal volume (Vt)
A 6-year-old female patient weighing 40 pounds is being ventilated at a tidal volume of 280 ml and a
rate of 20 breaths/min. The PIP is 38 cm H2O with a PEEP of 4 cm H2O. The compliance of the circuit
tubing is measured at 2.5 ml/cm H2O. Which of the following accurately describes the patient's
corrected tidal volume? correct answers B) 10.8 ml/kg
Which of the following modes of ventilation should NOT be used on a spontaneously breathing patient?
correct answers C) Inverse ratio ventilation
Which of the following is NOT considered a hazard of mechanical ventilation? correct answers D)
Diaphragmatic paralysis
The first parameter weaned from a mechanically ventilated infant should be: correct answers A) FiO2
Which of the following are clinical signs of a failure to wean?
1. Increased chest excursion
2. Bradycardia
3. Retractions
4. Tachycardia
5. Pallor correct answers II. Bradycardia;
III. Retractions;
IV. Tachycardia;
V. Pallor
Which of the following are predictive of a low risk of the need for reintubation in the pediatric patient?
1. Spontaneous tidal volume of 3.2 ml/kg
2. FiO2 of 0.45
3. Mean airway pressure of 4.0 cm H2O
Care Ch: 14, 15, 16, 17. GRADED A+ 2023
Rescue surfactant is given: correct answers D).After the onset of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
symptoms
Artificial surfactant is best administered: correct answers A). Directly instilled into the endotracheal tube
(ETT)
The major advantage to High Frequency Ventilation (HFV) is: correct answers C). Reduced barotrauma
The convective movement of a tidal volume that is larger than dead space is achieved with: correct
answers A). High-Frequency Positive Pressure Ventilation (HFPPV)
All of the following are hazards of HFV except: correct answers B). Hypertension
While managing a patient receiving High Frequency Oscillating Ventilation (HFOV) the respiratory care
practitioner notices that the PaO2 is decreased. This can be corrected by all of the following EXCEPT:
correct answers C) Increasing the amplitude
Which of the following HFV methods requires the use of an adapted ETT? correct answers C). High-
Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV)
Which of the following describes the venoarterial route of Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS)? correct
answers C). Blood is taken from the right atrium and returned to the aortic arch
Two criteria used to determine potential Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) patients are: correct
answers D). A-a gradient and the oxygen index
The most common complication of Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) is: correct answers B). Bleeding
An advantage to the use of negative pressure ventilation is: correct answers D). Reduced
cardiopulmonary complications
Which of the following is NOT true regarding partial liquid ventilation? correct answers A). Reduces
infection
CPAP increases FRC by: correct answers A) Physically holding the alveoli open during exhalation
Of the following, which is the MOST common device used to apply CPAP to the neonate? correct
answers D) Nasal Prongs
Which of the following would indicate a failure of CPAP?
1. PaO2 less than 50 mm Hg with an FiO2 of 0.80 to 1.0 and CPAP of 10 to 12 cm H2O
2. PaCO2 greater than 55 mm Hg
3. Marked retractions
, 4. Frequent apnea spells
5. Reduced FiO2 needs correct answers I. PaO2 less than 50 mm Hg with an FiO2 of 0.80 to 1.0 and CPAP
of 10 to 12 cm H2O; III. Marked retractions;
IV. Frequent apnea spells
Determination of adequate levels of PIP is initially determined by: correct answers A) Chest excursion,
breath sounds and PaO2
Changing which of the following ventilator parameters would NOT alter minute ventilation? correct
answers B) Expiratory time
Which of the following parameters has the greatest influence on mean airway pressure (MAP)? correct
answers B) PEEP
The respiratory care practitioner receives blood gas results on a ventilated infant. The PaCO2 is 48 mm
Hg and previously it was 43 mm Hg. A proper ventilation change would be: correct answers B) Increase
the rate by 5 BPM or the PIP by 2 cm H2O
The main advantage in using volume-cycled ventilation with neonates is: correct answers D) Delivery of
a consistent tidal volume (Vt)
A 6-year-old female patient weighing 40 pounds is being ventilated at a tidal volume of 280 ml and a
rate of 20 breaths/min. The PIP is 38 cm H2O with a PEEP of 4 cm H2O. The compliance of the circuit
tubing is measured at 2.5 ml/cm H2O. Which of the following accurately describes the patient's
corrected tidal volume? correct answers B) 10.8 ml/kg
Which of the following modes of ventilation should NOT be used on a spontaneously breathing patient?
correct answers C) Inverse ratio ventilation
Which of the following is NOT considered a hazard of mechanical ventilation? correct answers D)
Diaphragmatic paralysis
The first parameter weaned from a mechanically ventilated infant should be: correct answers A) FiO2
Which of the following are clinical signs of a failure to wean?
1. Increased chest excursion
2. Bradycardia
3. Retractions
4. Tachycardia
5. Pallor correct answers II. Bradycardia;
III. Retractions;
IV. Tachycardia;
V. Pallor
Which of the following are predictive of a low risk of the need for reintubation in the pediatric patient?
1. Spontaneous tidal volume of 3.2 ml/kg
2. FiO2 of 0.45
3. Mean airway pressure of 4.0 cm H2O
